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Show 1899.] ORNIS O F SAO PAHLO. 509 Evidence of this is given by the fact that Pelzeln has not mentioned the line which coincides with the boundary between the States of Parana and Sao Paulo. Although some of the more striking pieces of evidence of this line have been given only in my paper, others are due to Natterer's collections. This line marks the northern limits of a number of Argentine species which occur in the three southernmost States of Brazil, but do not extend north of it into Sao Paulo and Bio. Besides certain characteristic species, such genera as Cyanotis, Phlceocryptes, Anumbius, Cliban-ornis and Haplospiza characterize this " Anumbius-line," as it may be named. I cannot forbear to mention that I have been astonished to find that such results as those I have arrived at on the faunistic boundary-lines in Bio Grande do Sul should have been disregarded by zoologists. However, I shall continue to work on in the same manner, and if with this help there cannot be constructed a complete system, we shall obtain at any rate exact data for the analysis of the faunas of some of the States ; and if the saoie task be undertaken in other States of Brazil, the results must without doubt be satisfactory-as a piece of mosaic-wrork, but a definite one. It is evident that such work can only be the result of extensive and exact explorations of restricted areas, and more of it is to be expected from Museums than from observers, who spend but a short time in one country. I hope that Dr. Goeldi, continuing his work in the Para Museum, will investigate the State of Para in the same manner. In concluding these general remarks, I wish to state, as the result of m y studies, that South-eastern Brazil, from Bio Grande do Sul to Bahia, and probably farther northward, forms a natural province of the Neotropical Begion, which contains two Subdivisions (see Map, Plate XXVII.). One of these extends from Bio Grande do Sul to Bio de Janeiro ; the other from the North down to Sao Paulo. The northern Subdivision extends along the coast of Sao Paulo to Iguape and probably farther southward, but is here restricted to a narrow coast-zone. This is separated by a narrow chain of mountains from the highlands, and these highlands towards the west pass into carupos, which have the same fauna as the campos of Minas, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso. We have, therefore, in Sao Paulo three faunistic subdivisions, representing from the west to the coast successively the central, marginal, and littoral fauna. The two last are separated by the Serra do Mar, which is only a few miles broad, but supplies a difference of altitude of more than 700 metres and a difference of temperature of 3° C. or more. This is the reason why many Bahia species which do not occur in the interior of Sao Paulo are found along the coast. I now proceed to the special discussion of my paper and its zoo-geographical results. There are two new species described in my paper- Chrysotis schmidti, closely allied to Ch. auripalliata, but with the bend of |