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Show 324 DR. GADOW ON THE ANATOMY OF PTEROCLES. [Mar. 21, centim. The second loop is nearly double the length of the first, and has its apex doubled up into an irregular knot, as is characteristic of the Gallinacei proper. The third loop is of about the same length but straighter. The fourth loop is almost three times as long as the duodenal one ; it is stowed away in the most ventral and lowest part of the abdominal cavity, between the gizzard and the vent; throughout its whole length it is accompanied by the two caeca, which are closely attached to this loop, as they are supplied by the same branch of the mesenteric artery. The rectal part of the intestinal tract is slightly wider than the ileum and the duodenum. The caca (see fig. 4) are extremely well developed in Pterocles, being 16 centim. long, and are inserted at a distance of 15 centim. from the anus. They are very wide and have very thin walls ; their Fig. 4. a, Caeca of Pterocles arenarius; b, Ca?ca of Syrrhaptes paradoxus (after Brandt). inner lining forms about 6 longitudinal slightly elevated folds. (Prof. Parker says that the caeca of the Sand-Grouse have 12 longitudinal folds, not 7 as have the Ptarmigans.) The ca?ca of Syrrhaptes, according to Brandt, are very wide and long too, but differ from these organs of Pterocles in the shape of their terminal parts, as shown in fig. 4. The liver of Pterocles I found to consist of two principal lobes the right lobe being about three times larger than the left one which exhibits on its inner side a small Spigelian lobe. The sharp |