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Show 1882.] DR. GADOW ON THE ANATOMY OF PTEROCLES. 315 muscles of the shoulder-girdle I am indebted to Prof. Fuerbringer the information that Pterocles approaches nearer to the Pigeons than to the Fowls. Mm. iliaci externi (mm. glutei).-This group in Pterocles consists of only two muscles, an anterior and a posterior. Of these the latter is the larger; it arises from the broad latero-dorsal plane of the prseacetabular part of the ilium, and is inserted close to the external trochanter of the femur. The iliac muscles have their nerve-supply from the crural plexus. M. iliacus internus.-This small muscle is comparatively long, as it arises from nearly the middle of the ventral aspect of tbe prseacetabular ilium. It is inserted as usual, between the internal trochanter and the neck of the femur. M. sartorius.-Flat and very broad, from the greater part of the lateral and dorsal margin of the prseacetabular ilium. The muscle is partly blended with the m. ilio-tibialis at the distal third of the thigh ; the rest passes over the patella as a flat but nevertheless rather fleshy strip, and then extends into part of the head of the m. extensor digitorum communis. The muscle is supplied by nerves from one of the first branches of the crural plexus. 31. ilio-tibialis (m. quadratus femoris).-This muscle is rather feebly developed; it arises with an aponeurotic sheet, which superficially covers the m m . iliaci externi, and which also takes origin from the regio posttrochanterica of the ilium. The muscle is completely blended with the m. fernoro-tibialis, with the m. gluteus posterior, and with the m. sartorius. It is inserted together with the tendon of the mesial and external part of the in. fernoro-tibialis into the head and rest of the tibia. Nerve-supply from the crural plexus. The m. gluteus posterior 4- m. tensor fascia lata (m. tensor fascia? latse) arises rather fleshy from the lateral plane of the postacetabular part of the ilium, and is inserted indirectly into the head of the tibia by being attached to the distaPpart of the m. ilio-tibialis. Nerve from the ischiadic plexus. The m. gluteus anterior (m. gluteus quartus) is very small; its muscular part consists of only a few fibres. Its aponeurosis arises from the space left between the origin of the m. iliac, ext. post, and the antitrochanter. Its short but broad and flat tendon runs over the external trochanter, passes the tendons of the external iliac muscles, and is inserted just distad from their insertion into the outer aspect of the femur. The nerve to this muscle is given off from the pl. ischiadicus ; it passes round behind the antitrochanter out of the ischiadic foramen. The m. ambiens arises with a short and distinct tendon from the pubic spine ; its roundish and somewhat ribbon-shaped belly tapers out into a long slender tendon, which, after partly piercing that of the m. fernoro-tibialis, passes over the knee into its outer side and then supports one of the heads of the m. flexor perforatus digiti in. Between the proximal part of the ambiens muscle and the inner trochanter of the femur, that long nervous branch which is sent off |