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Show 220 PROF. DUNCAN ON CORALS FROM MADEIRA. [Feb. 7, unequal in length and size. This produces a festooning of the margin of the calice, the primaries being the highest and the septa next to them only slightly lower. The secondaries are high, but lower than the primaries ; and they have a higher order of septa next to them just below their elevation. The lowest point of the calicular edge is over the tertiary septa, which are the smallest. The six primary septa are well developed and are free1, and do not reach the columella, but pass lower by its side to the base. The secondaries of four systems are next in size to the primaries and are free at their inner ends and straight; but in two systems, where the fourth cycle is incomplete, they unite with a process of the septa placed next to the primaries by a process which reaches, after junction, a radiating projection of the columella. The tertiary septa are the smallest and are free, being included in the loops formed by the higher septa in their junction with each other and the columella. The septa of the fourth and fifth orders, in four of the systems, unite in front of the tertiary septa; and thence a process passes in front of the secondary to reach one from the columella. These processes are continuations of the septal edges, and also of columel-lary structure, and are stout and well separated. The costae are visible at the margin before they are covered with the epitheca. They are very sharply granular and unequal. The tint of the coral is brownish red, the columella being white. Height of the coral -^ inch, length of calice not quite fa inch, breadth of calice 1 inch, length of base -| inch. Locality. Madeira. The smaller specimen has the epitheca more distant from the calicular edge, a more defined columella ornamented with a few spiny granules on its surface, the same number of septa in the four systems, and a large deep axial space. This small Balanophyllian has its specific characters well marked, and has not hitherto been noticed. It is probably a young form ; and certainly, although it has the characters of the genus, the walls are imperforate. Probably it is the growth of the coral that decides this. List of the Corals dredged from Madeira. Caryophyllia cyathus, Lamarck. clavus, Scacchi. endothecata, sp. nov. Paracyathus striatus, Philippi, sp. Ceratotrochus johnsoni, sp. nov. Madracis asperula, Edw. & Haime. Amphihelia oculata, Linn. sp. ramea, var., Sars. Cladocora debilis. Edw. & Haime. Balanophyllia brevis, sp. nov. The presence of Caryphyllia cyathus and Caryphyllia clavus in the sea of Madeira was almost to be expected, and that of Paracyathus striatus also, they all being Mediterranean forms and Atlantic also. The Madracis is found also on the American side of the 1 In one instance there is a faint union with the columella. |