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Show 1881.] SOUTH-AFRICAN RHINOCEROSES. 727 Square-mouthed Rhinoceros holds its head very low, its nose nearly touching the ground. A small calf always runs in front of its mother; and she appears to guide it by holding the point of her horn upon the little auimal's rump ; and it is perfectly wonderful to note how in all sudden changes of pace, from a trot to a gallop or vice versa, the same position is always exactly maintained. During the autumn and winter months (i. e. from March till August) the Square-mouthed Rhinoceros is usually very fat; and its meat is then most excellent, being something like beef, but yet having a peculiar flavour of its own. The part in greatest favour amongst hunters is the hump, which, if cut off whole and roasted just as it is in the skin in a hole dug in the ground, would, I think, be difficult to match either for juiciness or flavour. In the Square-mouthed Rhinoceros the horns vary much in different individuals-so much so, indeed, that it would not be difficult to find two specimens (taking both horns, of course) exhibiting forms of horns as widely divergent one from another as are the typical horns of B. bicornis from those of the so-called B. keitloa. The anterior horn of a full-grown Square-mouthed Rhinoceros measures from 18 inches to over 4 feet in length, a cow having a thinner and usually a longer horn than a bull. Now-a-days, however, owing probably to all those that possessed remarkably long horns having been shot, it is very rarely one sees a horn from a freshly-killed animal measuring over 3 feet in length. This anterior horn usually has a curve backwards, more or less pronounced ; but specimens are by no means uncommon which are perfectly straight, or even bend slightly forwards. When the horn is quite straight and about 3 feet in length, the point touches the ground as the animal walks along feeding ; and thus, in specimens of long straight horns, it may usually be noticed that just at the point the anterior surface of the horn has been rubbed flat by friction against the ground. I never remember to have seen an anterior horn of a Square-mouthed Rhinoceros that was perfectly round : they always have the front surface partially flattened, and may thus at a glance be distinguished from the invariably rounded anterior horn of the Prehensile- lipped Rhinoceros. In different individuals, too, the posterior horn of the Square-mouthed Rhinoceros varies from a lump only 3 or 4 inches in height to a horn 2 feet in length. In some specimens the anterior horn is long, whilst the posterior is very short; in others, again, both are well developed; and in some, again, both are short. In fact, the horns of all South-African Rhinoceroses differ to such an extent in different individuals that if their classification is to be based upon the length and shape of their horns alone, it would be as easy to make twenty species as four. If B. oswelli (a variety of B. simus based entirely upon the shape of the anterior horn) were a true species, I presume that the Square-mouthed Rhinoceros with a straight anterior horn would not interbreed with those carrying the commoner form of horn slightly curved backwards : yet iu the Mashuna country I have seen Square-mouthed Rhinoceroses consorting together, the anterior horns of |