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Show 690 MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE [J In E. comptus the structure of all the above-described parts is similar-with this exception only, that the tendons of the mylo-hyoid and hyo-glossus muscles pass forwards together below the epihyal process. No male specimens of E. pusillus are available for examination ; but, judging from the anatomy of the female, it agrees in all respects with that of E. comptus. In E. monstrosus, which differs from all the other species in the absence of the shoulder-pouches, there are no posterior air-sacs; but the anterior sacs are well developed, and separated internally below, not by a thin parti- Fig. 5. fi.e V.C.- -- a.r Vertical and longitudinal section through the centre of the larynx of Epomophorus franqueti (enlarged). e, epiglottis; h.e, hyo-epiglottideus muscle; b.h, basihyal bone; th.c, thyroid cartilage; /. v. c, false vocal cord ; v, ventricle leading anteriorly into the long sacculus laryngis, extending almost as far as the base of the epiglottis, and posteriorly continued backwards behind v. c, the true vocal cord ; ar, arytenoid cartilage ; s, apex of Santorinian cartilage ; c, crescentic fibro-cartilaginous cushion extending forwards from the arytenoid cartilage; cr, cricoid cartilage. tion as in the above-named species, but bv an intermediate inferior sac communicating with the pharynx by an aperture between the mylo-hyoid tendons. In E. macrocephalus, gambianus, labiatus, and minor the thyro-hyals are very long, having their broad extremities bent inwkrds above so as to nearly meet in the middle line above the laryngeal opening ; the basihyal (fig. 6, b.hy) is much produced forwards, terminating in a straight thin edge, to the outer sides of which the very short ceratohyals are attached by ligament only, and have a |