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Show 1881.] BIRDS FROM EASTERN AFRICA. 579 collected by Dr. Hildebrandt at Ndi, and by Dr. Fischer and Muniuni. 80. LANIUS CAUDATUS. Lanius caudatus, Cab., Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 330; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 226 ; Fischer & Reichenow, torn. cit. p. 259 ; Fischer, torn. cit. p. 276; id. J. f. O. 1879, pp. 294, 302, 303; Fischer & Reichenow, torn. cit. p. 347; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 126. Lamo ; Melinda ; Dar-es-Salaam. This species is apparently confined to East Africa, where it ranges from Lamo to Dar-es-Salaam. 81. LANIUS COLLURIO. Lanius collurio, Linn., Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 331 ; Fischer, J. f. O. 1877, pp. 172, 180 ; Fischer & Reichenow, J. f. O. 1878, p. 259. Usambara hills ; Usambara mountains. The Red-backed Shrike ranges throughout the whole of North, East, and South Africa, but has not yet been recorded from the west coast. 82. TELEPHONUS ERYTHROPTERUS. Telephonus erythropterus (Shaw), Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 336 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 714 ; Nicholson, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 357; Fischer & Reichenow, J. f. O. 1878, p. 259 ; Fischer, torn. cit. p. 276 ; id. J. f. O. 1879, pp. 287, 303 ; Fischer & Reichenow, torn. cit. p. 347. Pomatorhynchus erythropterus, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 224. Lamo ; Usambara hills ; Usambara mountains. This species inhabits the whole of Africa. 83. TELEPHONUS TRIVIRGATUS. Telephonus trivirgatus, Smith, Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 338. Usambara hills. This species ranges from Abyssinia throughout East and South Africa, and on the west from Angola to the Loango coast. 84. TELEPHONUS ANCHIETA. Telephonus anchieta?, Bocage, Jorn. Acad. Sc. Lisboa, no. viii. 1870, p. 344 ; id. Orn. d'Angola, pi. 4. Telephonus minutus, Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 255 (1877). Lamo; Usambara hills. The specimens sent me by Dr. Kirk are male and female, apparently fully adult. Telephonus anchieta? is, in my opinion, a good species, readily to be distinguished from T. minutus, Hartl. (P. Z. S. 1858, p. 292), by the absence of black on the scapulars. In the male of T. anchieta? there is no trace of black on the scapulars ; and in the female it is confined to the centres of a few of the larger feathers, and is only visible on these feathers being raised; while in |