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Show 1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARIN.E. 195 California, Mexico, Guatemala, and as far south as Tumbez, the northern frontier of Peru (Jelski). Once obtained by Col. Montagu at Winchelsea, Sussex. The specimen in the British Museum, from his collection, is undoubtedly of this species ; but there seems to be no warrant for its reputed occurrence in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. This species may always be known by its black primaries. 34. LARUS FRANKLINI, Sw. & Rich. Larus atricilla, J. Sabine, App. Franklin's Polar Sea, p. 695 (1823), nee Linn, nee auctt. (the description clearly applies to this species). Larus franklini, Sw. & Rich. F. Bor.-Am., Birds, p. 424, pl. lxxi. (1831); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Lari, p. 36 (1863); Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 577; Newton, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 57, pl. iv. fig. 4, egg (Manitoba) ; Coues, B. N.-West Am. p. 653 (1874). Larus cucullatus, Licht. MSS. (Mexico), type in Berlin Mus. (examined, H. S.). Larus pipixcan, Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 515. Xema franklini, Bp. Comp. L. B. Eur. & N. Am. p. 62 (1838) ; Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 194. Xema pipixcan, Boie, loc. s. cit. Chroicocephalus franklini, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 104, et 1855, p. 289 ; Lawr. B. N. Am. p. 851 (1858). Chroicocephalus cucullatus, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 104, et 1855, p. 290; Lawr. B. N. Am. p. 851 (1858) ; Coues, Proc. Phil. Ac. 1862, p. 309. Chroicocephalus kitlitzii, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 104 (described from a drawing), nee Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1860, which-=i. saundersi. Chroicocephalus schimperi, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 104 (nee Schlegel, 1863, which = L. saundersi). Larus cinereo-caudatus, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1861, p. 293. Hab. Interior of North America, west of the Mississippi; breeds in Manitoba ; seldom visits the Atlantic coast, but has once occurred at St. Bartholomew's, West Indies (Sund.) ; goes down the Pacific coast as far as Chili, whence I have a fully adult example with partial hood, collected by Mr. E. Reid, of Santiago, and also one from Callao, Peru. The primaries of this species undergo much alteration with the age of the bird ; and in time the subapical mirror on the first extends over the greater part of the webs. From the description there can be little or no doubt that Bruch's L. kitlitzi and L. schimperi are referable to this species. Both were suppressed in his second review (1855), when he corrected a few of his more glaring errors ; and all trace of the second name has vanished from the Mainz Museum, where I especially looked for it, as Schlegel had adopted it for a totally different Chinese species. The type was said to have come from New Zealand, had a bright red bill, dark hood, and black primaries with white tips. 13* |