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Show 1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARINJK. 169 these as the characteristics to distinguish it from its congeners, its range may be defined as the north-west of Europe from the Varanger Fiord, the Baltic, the western coasts down to North Africa, the Azores (where it breeds), Madeira, and the Canaries (Godman). To Greenland it is a very rare straggler; but it was obtained at Winter Islands, near Melville Peninsula, occurs in Hudson's-Bay territory as far as the Mackenzie River, and probably reaches right across to the Pacific coast, where it certainly occurs, a specimen from Kodiak, collected by Wosnesensky, in the St.-Petersburg Museum, being, as Mr. Seebohm informs me, much lighter in the mantle than L. ca-chinnans; and several specimens from the west coast of Mexico are in my collection. Dall and Bannister also record what seems to be this species from Alaska and from the Upper Yukon. There can be no doubt that examples from northern latitudes have a somewhat lighter mantle than those from more temperate regions, although the transition is very gradual; and this light form has received the name of L. argentatoides. From Labrador this species ranges down the coast and along the great rivers and inland lakes as far as Texas ; it also visits Cuba and Bermudas. Prof. Barboza du Bocage, in his "List of Birds in the Lisbon Museum" (J. f. Orn. 1876, p. 291), cites an example obtained on the Angola coast, and another at Porto Alexandre, Benguela, more than 15° south of the equator, and in the latitude of the island of St. Helena. This is indeed an extension of its range, provided there is no error in the identification of the specimens. 8. LARUS CACHINNANS, Pall. Larus cachinnans, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. ii. p. 318 (1811). Larus argentatus, Bp. Iconogr. F. Ital. Uccelli, Introd. (1832-4 I) ; Middend. Sib. Reise ii. p. 242 (part.), (1853) ; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Lari, p. 17 (part.), 1863 ; Blasius, J. f. Orn. 1865, p. 380 (part.) ; Hume, Yarkand Exp. Zool. p. 299 (1873), Kashmir; id. Stray Feath. i. p. 270 (1873), Scinde. Larus cachinnans, Pall.; v. der Miihle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 143 (1842). Glaucus leucophceus, (Licht.) Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 101 (Red Sea). Glaucus michahellesii, Bruch, torn. cit. p. 101. " Glaucus borealis, Brandt," Bruch, torn. cit. p. 101. Laroides michahellesii, Bruch, op. cit. 1855, p. 282. Laroides cachinnans, (Pall.), Bruch, torn. cit. p. 282. "Laroides borealis, (Brandt)" Bruch, torn. cit. p. 282. Larus epargyrus, Licht. Nomencl. Av.Mus. Berol. p. 99 (1854), sine descr. (type examined, H. S.). Larus leucophceus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol. p. 99 (1854J, descr. nulla (type examined, H. S.) ; Salvadori, Cat. Ucc. Sard. p. 129 (1864); Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ost-Afrik. p. 818 (1870); Dresser, B. of Europe, pt. xxii. (Oct. 1873). Laroides leucophceus, Bp. Naumannia, 1854, p. 212 ; id. Consp. ii. p. 219 (1857). |
