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Show 1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARINJE. 179 examples than I have, there is a slight discrepancy to be explained. H e says that the colour of the mantle of L. brachyrhynchus is rather lighter than in L. canus; m y specimens are certainly rather darker than the darkest L. canus. Perhaps this is a slip of the pen, or an inversion of his reference; otherwise I cannot understand it. I retain this species as it has aiready been described, because the specimens before m e have a general appearance so different from L. canus that they are distinguishable at a glance, although it is rather difficult to define the differences on paper ; but I expect that a larger series will throw light upon the subject. Schlegel's bird from Japan assigned to this species seems to me to be merely a large L. canus. 16. LARUS AUDOUINI, Payr. ?Larus quadricolor, Scop. Ann. i. Hist. Nat. p. 81. no. 109 (1769). Larus audouini, Payraudeau, Ann. Sc. Nat. viii. p. 462 (1826); Temm. Pl. Col. livr. 81, pl. 480 (1826); Gould, B. Europe, v. pl. 438(1837); Schl. M . P.-Bas, Lari, p. 22 (1863); Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. Europ. ii. p. 420 (1867) ; Lilford, Ibis, 1875, p. 31. Larus payraudei, Vieill. Faun. Franc. Ois. p. 396 (1828), fide Deg. & Gerbe, loc. cit. Gavia audouinii (Payr.), Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 191. Glaucus audouini (Payr.), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 102. Gavina audouini (Payr.,), Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 212; Consp. Av. ii. p. 222 (1857). Laroides audouini (Payr.), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1855, p. 282 ; Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. Hab. Mediterranean, especially about Corsica and Sardinia, and the neighbouring coasts of Italy, the Balearic Islands, and North Africa. Mr. Gould quotes Natterer (in litti) as having shot three specimens outside the Straits of Gibraltar, between that place and Tarifa. Lord Lilford found it breeding on the island of Toro, off Sardinia. Canon Tristram's reputed L. audouini from Palestine are all L. canus. This Gull is one of the most unmistakable species, owing to its length of wing, dark primaries, lead-coloured or black legs, and, when adult, its cherry-red double-zoned bill. From the description given by Scopoli of his L. quadricolor it is probable that it is this species ; but in the absence of certainty it is undesirable to use that name. 17. LARUS MARINUS, Linn. Larus marinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 225 (1766); O. Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. p. 102 (1780); Meyer, Tasch. V6g. Deutschl. pl. ii. p. 465; Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 490 (1815); Macgill. M. Wern. Soc. vol. v. p. 255 (1824); Schlegel, M. Pays-Bas, Lari, p. 10 (1863); Sharpe and Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. xv. (1872); Coues, B. of North-West (America), p. 624 (1874); Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 165 (Japan) ; Reid, Zoologist, 1877, p. 489 (Bermudas). Larus ncevius, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 225 (1766). 12* |