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Show eee a AL. RB Tk Sti l Ter Bb Re 266 Se ——_——— ————__—_—____ ie the flower having four longer and two Linneus places this among the bei 2. he feed-vefiel 1 proper ho threads;, and ‘the feed veffel bei fhorter with the horfe-radifh, and fome others, which do not Heintroduces into the fame genus he diftinction, we have therefore removed thefe to t ning afcertai edfor ‘eftablifh ‘has himfelf charaéters their properplaces. rt. Common Scurvygrafs. 3 The ftalks are very numerous ; they are round, thick, brown, and BR ID4SH:S PEC E-S. D 1Vs1.5, 1,0; Nivck a Cochlearia foliis fubrotundis. I03 a. {0 The root is long, flender, white, and furnifhed with feveral little fibres. The firft-leaves'rife in a large tuft, and have long and thick footftalks: they are fhort, broad, andof a figure approaching to round, but fomewhat indented at the bafe, and finuated varioufly and irregularly at the edges. The colour of ‘thefe leaves is a frefh, ‘bright green; and they are of a very tender, juicy fubitance. The ftalks are numerous, round, of a pale green, ten inches high, and not very firm : they are but little branched, and have only a few leaves: Thefe are oblong, narrow, and altogether unlike thofe from the toot : they ftandin pairs, ‘one, two, or three pair on each ftalk, and.are of a faint green. The flowers grow at the tops of the branches in little tufts, and they are {mall and white. The feed-veffels are {mall, and ‘the feeds are numerous and: minute. It is common on our fea-coafts, and flowers in The leav on 'thefe ‘refemble thofe at the root in their general form; but they have nofoorftalks, and they ‘are-*more flightly notchedat the edges. The flowers ftand at the tops of the branches inclitele clufters, and they are fmall and white. The feed veffel is fhort and tender: the feeds are numerous andfmall. It is common in ourfalt-marfhes, and on the fea-fhores, where the bottom ismud. It flowers in May. C.Bauhinecalls it Cochlearia folio: finuato; and moft other writers take the fame r but fome call it Cochlearia ‘vulgaris, and fome Cochlearia Britannica. It has commonly in our markets the name of fea feurvygrafs, by way of diftinétion from the other called,.as we have faid, garden/c andit has alfo the name of Englifh / , by way of diftinétion; from that other kind called Dutch : but thefe are very ill chofen preffive terms. Names taken from th the leaves, which is the true mark of t rence, would be much more proper. May. C. Bauhine calls it Cochlearia folio fubrotundo. Others, Cochlearia rotundifolia. It gets a place in gardens from its ufe and virtues, and has thence alfo obrained the name of garden feurvygra/s, and.cocklearia bortenfis. Some alfo call it Dutch fcurvygra/s. It is not only found uponthe fea-coafts, but in many parts of Englandonhills near fprings. In thefe places the leaves are {maller, and more perfectly round; and under this form it has been defcribed as a diftin& fpecies ; but the feeds being, fown in a garden, produce the common kind. The cochlearia rotundifolia of Merret, named in the laft edition of Ray’s fynopfis, and’ the cochlearia rotundifolia parva Batava of Lobel, are this variety of the comimon fcurvygrafs, and nor any diftiné&t fpecies. 2. Jagged-leaved Scurvyerafs. The rootis a tuft of long, lender fibres, connected to a little head. The firft leaves are fupported on long fefhy footftalks ; and they are {mall, andof a roundifh figure, but irregularly finuated at the edges, and terminated by a fhort point. The ftalks are very numerous, weak, ofapale green, fcarce at all branched, and five incheshigh. The leaves on thefe refemble thofe from the root: they are broad,-fhort, roundifh, and finuated on the edges. The flowers are larger than in the others, and of a milky white. The feed-veffels aré fhort, andthe feeds are numerous and fmall. It is found on the fea-coaft of Wales, and flowers in April. Raycalls it Cochlearia minor rotundifolia. may be called Welch feurvygra/s. It Cochlearia folio finuate.PL. TL Therootis fmall, longith, and furnifhed with innumerable fibres. Thefirft leaves rife in little clufter, and have very fhort footftalks: they are of an oblong figure, broadeft toward the bafe, fharp at the point, and deeply and irregularly cut in along the edges. Their fubftance is flethy : they are full of juice, and their colour is an obfcute green. The ftalks are numerous, thick, juicy, of a pale green, and ten inches high, 4. Ivy-leaved Scurvygrafs. 5 s ; Cochlearia foliis angulofis parvis. BoORS rf 1S et yf, 7030. The root is flender, long, white, and furnifhed with many fibres, The firft leaves rif in a very fmall but thick tuft: they are fupported on fhort and flender footftalks, and are divided into ‘three parts, 19 the mannerof many of the leaves of ivy: they are of a thick, flefhy fubflance, and of a brownilh colour ufually, though fometimes of a frelh and lively green, 3 The tolerably upright, except in little tufts at the tops of the ftalks. The feed-veffels are very fhort, and the feeds are numerous andfmall. Tt is found on the coaft of Lancathire. Raycalls it Cochlearia marina folio angulofo parvo. The earlier botanifts feem to have defcribed it, though they have referred it to a wrong genus. Lobel calls it Tb/a/pi hederaceum, and our Gerard and Parkinfon from him Thla/pi hederaceo folio. All thefe fpecies have the fame virtues, and they are very confiderable. The firft and fecond kind here defcribed are moft ufed; and of thefe, the preference given by cuftom to the firft, is due in reality to the fecond. It is fo eminent in the cure of the fcurvy, that TE |Purple-flowered Scurvygrafs, EG ROB GN C5072 os Ph Cons Some of the leaft leaves toward the top of the ftalk have only two notches. This gives them Cochlearia floribus purpurafcentibus. fome refemblance to the ivy-leaved kind juft des The root is long, flender, and furnifhed with many fibres. The firft leaves are very numerous, and are fupported on fhort, redifh, tender footftalks : they fcribed ; but they aré longer, and the whole plant is altogether different. The flowers ftand in little clufters at the tops of the ftalks and branches: they are fmall; bur are of a roundifh figure, but fomewhat oblong, they are of a very beautiful pale purple. and finuated at the edges. The ftalk is round, upright, firm, and ten inches high. Theleaves ftandirregularly on it, and are of an oval figure, broad at the bafe, where they adhere to the ftalk, and {maller to the end, where they terminate obtufely ; and they are varioufly The feed-veffels are large and oval: the feeds are very numerous and brown. It is a native of Denmark, and flowers in April. Morifon calls it Cochlearia minima Armorica flore dilute violaceo, and irregularly indented at the edges. Gtr 267 it is thence named in our language. The juice is taken in {pring 5 and no way i give the infufion, which hasal virtue’; but the method of brewir ufeful. A conferve of the freth top is another very good methodof taking ir. The feurvy, under various forms and app ances, is fo commonin this kingdom, andthe virtues of this plant are fo fovereign againttit, that itg ufe cannot be too much recommended. In fpring, when the herb is in feafon, the juice fhould be ufed; after this the conferve, fo long as it res tains its virtue; and, when it is not to be had in other forms, a weak beer brewed with it will be very ferviceable. It isa method by no means to be ufed inftead-of the others, but mayhave its effect when they cannot be had. To have any confiderable efficacy, the malt liquor mutt bein itfelf fmall: it muft be very ftrong ofthe herb, and it muft be ufed for the commondrink. The freth leaves of fcurvygra/s, bruifed) and laid to the face for a few hours, are recommended to take off fpots and funburn ; and, when the fkin can bear them, they will take this eff but thofe who have delicate complexions take moft care of them; and fuch cannot bearit, the lower part, where they ufually lean a little upon the ground, and they are fix inches high, The leaves on thefe are more numerous than on almoft any ofthe other kinds, and they perfectly refemble thofe fromthe root : they are fupported on long, flender footftalks, and are three pointed as the others. The flowers are {mall and white : they ftandin DEVS 1 O'N™ Po peed, Its virtues are the fame as thofe of the others, N CR U.S E S XI. S&S. NASTURTIUM. "THE flower is compofed of four petals, which expand crofs-ways : they are {mall and oblong, largeft at the top, where they terminate obtufely, and tetminated by very narrow bottoms in the cup. The cupis formedoffour,little leaves, which are ofan oval figure, and hollowed, and it falls with the fower: the feed-veffel is rounded, but flightly finuated at the top, fomewhat compref\- fed, and fharp at the edges :. it is divided into two cells, and in eachis a fingle feed. Linnzus places this among the tetradynami Jiliculofa, the flower having four longer and two fhorter threads, andthe feed-veflel being a regular filicule : but he has introduced great confufion into the fcience by his conduét and difpofitionof it. Hetakes away the name cre/s, nafturtium, and calls all the plants belonging toit fpecies of pidium. This has been rafhly done ; and he feemis fince to have perceived it; for, at the end of the generical character, he adds, that the feed-vefitl of lepidium, commonly fo called, is not fharp at the edges, or finuated at the top; therefore /epidium is not properly a fpecies of this genus, though he has ufed its namefor the generical term. We |