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Show Croffwort. Cruciata vulgaris. LEECAL The root is fibrous, The ftalks are numerous, upright, fquare, and not muchbranched : they are rough on the furface, and weak. The leaves are placed in an elegant manner, at a joint, at confiderable diftances ; and four they dre oblong, broad, of @ brighty but fome- HERBAL. The It is not uncommonin dry paftures. A great deal ofit fpreads over the grave of Mr. Doopy in the church-yard of Hampftead; perhapsoriginally planted there to perpetuate the little {pot that/holds the remains ofthat diligent andcareful botanift. what yellowifh gretn, and hairy. The flowers are {mall and yellow; and they growin clufters from the bofoms of the upper C. Bauhine calls it Cruciata birfuta. Others only Cruciata, Itisan aftringent. The tops, dried and pows dered, are good againft the overflowings’ of the menfes, and in the fluor albus. CG. Waaes A Fhe cup «is very {mall: ic is fornied of a, fingle piece, divided into four parts, and is placed upon the rudiment of the fruit. The feeds are two after every flower: they are covered with a pulpy matter, and furrounded with a fkin; fo that they refemble two berries ftuckclofe to gether, Linneusplaces this among the ¢efrandria monogynia; the threads in the flower being four, and the ftyle fingle, Madder. clufters at the tops of the branches; and they are Rubia fylueftris afpera. PLI8 Gud ofa faint yellowih green, Thefruit is large, and dark coloured. The root is compofed of numerous, Jong, and Wehaveit in plenty in our weftern counties. thick parts, which run under the furface, and tt flowers in July, fpread to a great diftance : it is of a red colour, C. Bauhine calls it Rubia filvefris and confifts of a hard fubftance on the centre, Diofcoridis. Others, Rubia tingiorum. with a tender juicy covering. The ftalks are numerous, fquare, not very firm, branched, and a foot and half high: they are of a pale green, and are very rough to the touch, andwill ftick to anything, like the ftalks ofcleavers. The leaves are placed with great regularity at the joints, five orfix at each; andthey {pread out in the mannerof r The flowers are very numerous, and grow in Ga EN ist te Mr. Ray has joined the commonwriters in feparating as diftin& fpecies madder thus in its wild ftate, and fuch as is cultivated; but there is no other difference between them, than t the cultivated kind is large becaufe better nourifhed. It is of vaft ufe in dying, andis alfo employed in medicine. It is good againft obftru@ions of the vifcera, and in habitual purgings. Uae Ss Ill. Linnzus places this among the tetrandria monogynia ; the threads in the flower being four, and the ftyle fingle. RUBEOLA ‘ veryfmall, ery {ma and is placed upon the rudiment of the fruit: it is The feeds are two after every flower ; and they are connected lengthways into an oblone fruit, crowned at the top : when feparated, oS eachis flat on one fide, rounded on the other, and fharp-pointed. Linneus places this among the tetraudria monogynia ; the threads in the flower being reefour, and : ‘ad and the ftyle fingle, He takes away the received name rubeo Ja, and calls c the genus fherardia.i formed alfo of a fingle piece, and divided into four fegments. p manner, difpofedlike rays, fix or eight at a joint: they are oblong, pointed, and of a fine green. The‘flowers are {mall and blue. The root is long and flender. and is hung The feeds are oblong and large. about with many fibres, ‘ Tt is common in plowed lands, and flowers in The ftalks are numerous and wea k, and for July. the moft part procumbent: the ‘ y are fquare, hairy, hs CFt#C.Bauhine calls it Rubeola repens ary WIS andfeldom branched. rulea. , The leaves ftand feveral toget her in a recul ar} Its virtues are not certainly o known, 7 branched, and two feet high. at the The leaves ftand in a ftellate manner joints of the ftalk, fix or eight at each Joints blackifh and they are fhort, narrow, andof adeep, green. The flowers are fmall and white: they grow in great numbers on the tops of the branches, and cover them with a fnowy whitenefs. The feeds are fmall. It is common in damp places among bufhes, and flowers in June. C, Bauhinecalls it Galfium albumlatifolium. 2, Four-leaved white Lady’s Bedftraw. Gallium album quadrifolinm. The roots are fibrous. Theftalk is fquare, weak, very much branched, anda foot and half long; but, if not fupported, / it ufually ftraggles upon the ground. The leaves are placed at the joints ina radiated joint: manner, but there are only four at each thofe they are broad, fhort, and of a deep green: but on the lower parts of the ftalks are fmooth ; toward the top they are rough. are The flowers are {mall and white; but they very numerous, covering the tops of the ftalk It is common in wet places, and flowers in HE flower is formed of a fingle petal 3 andis tubular at the bafe, and divided at the edge into four parts. The cup is Little Field-Madder. Rubeola arvenfis cerulea, TAS618 Fhe ftalk is {quare, weak, and of a pale green: itis not able to fupport itfelf; but it ufually grows within the reach of bufhes. It is very much and branches. The feeds are large, and joined two together. MADDER., GENUS IU M, covering. and The root is compofed of numerous, long, toughfibres. HE, flower is formed of a fingle petal, hollow at the bafe, and deeply divided into four feos ments. E 1. White Lady’s Bedftraw. Gallium album: TE-5Cu1G TPA. UGB Eanyg Urs IV, LADY’S BEDSTRAW. GAZE Il. MADDER. HERBAL. ed almoft to the bafe into four fegments, petal, and is HE flower is formed of a fingle The cupis very {mall: it is formed of one piece, and divided into four parts; and it ftands upon the rudiment of the fruit, ‘The feeds are two: they are joined together, and havea loofe leaves. GipeeeeN BRITISH Auguft. C. Bauhine calls it Galliumpolufire album. Some give this the Englith name of White Lady's Bedftraw ; but it properly belongs to the preceding fpecies. 3. Croffwort Lady’s Bedftraw. Gallium eresiuin quadrifolium leve. Theroot is long, flender, divided, and hung about with a few ftraggling fibres. Theflalk is fquare; upright, redifh, very little branched, and a foothigh. The leaves are placed in a ftellated manner at the joints, and there are only four at eachjoint : they are oblong, and not at all indented; and their colour is a delicate green. The flowers are fmall and white, and they N° 39. ftand in clufters on the tops of the ftalks and branches. It is a native of our northern counties, and flowers in Auguft. Raycalls it Mellugo montana ereéta quadrifolia. J. Bauhine, Rubia erefia quadrifolia. 4. Dwarf white Lady’s Bedftraw, Gallium album minimum. The root is long and flender, and has a few ftraggling fibres. The ftalks are numerous, and. about three inches long: they ave fquare, fmooth, ofa pale green, and not well able to fupport themfelves upright. The leaves ftand in a ftellate manner at diftances on the ftalks; and they are fmooth, andof a pale green. The flowers are very fmall and white; and they ftand in great abundance. on the topsofthe ftalks and branches. It is commonon hilly ground, efpecially where there is fome wet. It flowers in July. C. Bauhine calls it Gallium album minus. Others, Mollugo montana minor. Authots have diftinguifhed a variety of this plant under the name of Gallium albumminimum multicaule, but itis not a diftin& fpecies » it is only this kind growing ona drierfoil. 5. Yellow Lady’s Bedftraw. Gallium luteum. FOE. 13 Theroot is long, hard, divided, and furnifhed with a few ftraggling fibres. Theftalks are firm, hard, upright, not much branched, and two feet or more in height; and they are of a yellowifh green colour. Theleaves grow in a ftellate manner at the joints of the ftalks, a confiderable number together: they are oblong, narrow, and ofa blackifh green. The flowers are {mall ; but they are extremely numerous: they cover the tops of the ftalks with a fine gold yellow. The feeds are fmall and brown. It is common in dry :paftures, and under hedges. It flowers in July. C. Bauhine calls ic Gallium luteum, a name almoft all other writers have copied. The flowers of this plant contain a latent acid they will curdle milk. The country-people know this, and call the plant .chee/e-1 iz. . In medi nd deobftruent 5 cine it is faid to be attenuatir but its virtues are not eftablithed on any good frie anaes 7 authority. 5 SS Th BRITISH Seeee = 396 |
