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Show Th BRITISH HERBAL. cups. and yellow: they have fwoln or bloated and the The f{eed-veffel is fmall and oblong, feeds are little and brown. tt. Av It is a native of Crete, and flowers in Alpinus calls ic Vifcaria maxima Gretica ; and others borrow the name from him. Mr. Ray, and others fince have fufpected this to be the fame plant with the preceding, from the refemblance in fome points; but this is owing of only to the imperfect defcriptions. The whole habit ofthis fpecies: is different from that, and the form of the cups diftinguithes It is natural to make thefe mifthem entirely. ptions: but thofe who takes from imperf have feen the plant from the fpot cannot be under it altogether fepaany difficulty in determi rate. Little is known with certainty of the virtues of this numerous genus. The common white campion is ufed by the G . the red catchfly is faid with /oapwort, ae oint ooffefs, in common fing grumou blood, and of relieving internal. The cockle is celebrated alfo as a wound-hetb, but on a di ferent p Eple. It is faid to have great virtue in ftof blood and healing frefh cuts. It is alfo ufed againft cutaneous foulneffes in fome places, in form of a decoction to waththe parts, or in an ointment. The root of this dpecies, dried and powdered, ftands recommendedalle inft hemorrhages, and feems worth a trial : dofe fhould be about fifteen grains. Wits Css Aire O'S. AEATH antean make to country people in fome nent, which they commend for its virtues a hates) -< Aaraeste l i F e r l hard. fwellings; and, elfwhere, the leaves of the fame fpecies, dried in an oven and powdered, are given children aga inft convulfions. as -eleh fe In Germany they celeb common kinds N "Er L HoE- 25 places Til. SUN FIL OY ER. rE flower is large and fpecious ; and confifts of five broad regularly expanded petals: the cup is compofed of five leaves; of thefe two are fmaller than the other three; and it rem with the feed-veffel : this is of a roundifh fhape, and contains numerous {mall and: roundith feeds. Linnzus places this among his polyandria monogynias the filaments in the flower being numerous, and growing to the receptacle; and the ftyle from the rudiment ofthe fruit being fingle. Many authors have diftinguifhed two genera among the plants properly belonging to this, calling the one helianthemum and chameciftus, and the other ciffus; but there is not in nature any certain and fufficient foundation for this diftin@tion, and it is more proper to keepthe plants all together, as they evidently agree in the feveral characters which are proper to eftablifh a genus, Our Englith names of heath funflower and dwarf ciftus are preferved in fome writers for the common wild kinds with us; but in general the Latin name of the genus, ciffus, has got into common ufe, and has fuperfeded all the Englith ones. DL Vit Sidc0.N BRIT PSs PE C ibs, 1. Commonfmall Ciftus. Ciftus procumbenslignofus. The root is long, flender, divided into many parts, and furnifhed with numerous long, tough, brown, and crookedfibres. The ftalks are very numerous: theyrife al] from one head of the root, and fpread themfelves every way, fo as to form great roundifh tuft. They are brown, hard, woody, and are a foot or more in length ;- but they, for the moft part, trail upon the ground: they are frequently branched, and of a browncolour. The leaves are oblong and broad: theyare of a dufky green : they ftand inpairs, andare placed very thick uponall parts of the ftalks : they frequently are turned back, and they have a light hairynefs. The flowers are large, beautiful, and of a gold yellow: they ftand on naked, ftrageling, and crooked fhoots that run up from the tops of the ftalks, and each has its feparate, flender pedicle: they quickly fall off. The feed-veffel is of a roundith form, and the feeds are numerous, {mall, and brown. It is common on heaths, and by road-fides, in manyparts of England; and flowers in July. C. Bauhine calls it C luteo, ‘Others, Heli Mh Englith writers, Dwarf ciftus > BOR The flowers ftand fingly upon flender twi rifing from the tops of the ftalks: they are large and of a gold yellow, and a narrow petals. The feed-veflel is roundifh, and the feeds are fmall. It is a native of our heaths, particularly of Surry; and flowers in Auguft. Ray calls it Helianthemumvulgare petalis florum peranguftis: it retains this difference whenrailed fromfeed. 3. Hoary Dwarf Ciftus. Ciftus pumilus pubefcens. The root is long, brown, flender, and divided. The ftalks are numerous, firm, woody, and fhort: fome of themtrail upon the ground, and others rife up; but they are rarely more than three or four inches high: they are of a whitith colour, and fomewhat hairy. The leaves ftand in pairs, and they are oblong, broad, and of a greyith colour, whiter on the under part than the upper, and covered with a rough hoarynefs The flowers are large and yellow: they ftand at the tops of the upright ftalks, and their bright colour, with the contraft of the white of the ftalks and leaves, has a very pretty effect. The feed-veffel is oblong, and fomewhat broad ; andthe feeds are numerous andfmall. It is found in many parts of the northern counties, and flowersin July. J. Bauhine calls it Helianthemum alpinumfolio Pilofelle minoris Fuchfi. 4. Dwarf Ciftus with poleymountain leaves, Ciftus humilis polit folits. . * } The root is long, flender, brown, woody,and4 divided into many long, crooked parts. The ftalks are numerous, flender, woody, and trailing. The leaves ftand in pairs, and they are oblong, alittle hairy, of a pale green on the underlide, and of a deep green above; and they are obtufe at the ends. 3 a OS ie Theroot is long, flender, dividedinto feveral parts, and hung with toughfibres. The ftalks are many, firm, ereét, woody, and very much branched. The leaves ftand in pairs, and they are very numerous; the young fhoots are fo covered with them that no part of the ftalk isto be feen; on the other and larger ftalks they are placed at fomewhat greater diftances. They are long, narrow, and have no foot alks: they are undivided at the edges, pointed ed-vellel is roundifh and fmall; and the feeds are very fmall. It is found on fome of ourheaths, but is not common. Ray calls it Cham montanus polii folio, 5. Ciftus with fpotted flowers. uttato, ve e root is {mall, flender, hard, oblong, undivided, and nithed with a fewfibres. . The firft leaves fhort, broad, of a faint green, fomewhat hairy, and not at all divided at the edges. The ftalk is round, upright, of apale green, lightly hairy, and not at branched, till near the top, where there rife feveral fhoots from the bofoms of the leaves for the fupport of the flowers. The leaves are fhort, oblong, confiderably broad, and of a dufky green: they ftand in pairs: they are undivided at the edges, and pointed at the end, andalittle hairy, The flowersare very large and beauti ful: they ftand on long footftalks, and are of a pale yel- low; but there is on each petal a fine fpor, bloodred. The feed-veffel is fhort and fwelled: the are numerous andfmall. It is a native of Scotland, but not mon. It flowers in July. C. Bauhine calls it Ciffus flore pallido py, macula infignito. It is an annual plant, andfeldomrifes to than a foot in height, ‘often it is not above inches. of a feeds comcanle more eight The feveral fpecies of Englith ciffus have all the fame virtués; but the moft common kind, here firft defetibed, pofleffes themin the greateft degree. As the plant refembles the Jychmis in its characters, it does alfo in its qualities, byt it poffeffes them in a more eminent manne The roots of the common ciffus, dried and powdered, are anexcellent aftringent ; they may be given in diarrhzas attended with bloody ftools, a feruple for a dofe, with great fafety and fuccefs. The expreffed juice of the leaves bruiled with red Port-wine is good againft {pitting of blood. ns efteem it one of the moft emiwound-herbs, and call it golden » and of a pale greyifh colour. The flowers ftand on flender twigs rifing from the upper parts of branches ; andthey are large, and of a gold yellow. DLV i ST ON 2. Ciftus with narrow petals. tgs Ciftus procumbens petalis anguftis. HERBAL. IL Con (rey, canis. The root is long, flender, brown, and furnifhed with many long, and tough fibres. The ftalks are numerous, woody, flender, and branched. They partly lie upon the ground, andpartly raife themfelves : they are from eight inches and taken tor a continuance of time, has been foundexcellent in the fluor albus. BROREIGN 1.: White Ciftus with narrowleaves. Ciftus albus foliis anguftis fubtus bifulca 1 made with equal parts ofthe ciflus roots a sPECIRS: a foot in length, and are very thick fet with leaves. Thefe ftandin pairs, andare oblong, very narrow, furrowed doubly on the lower fide, and a little hoary, The flowers ftand, in the manner of thofe of our common Ci/fus, on weak, flender twigs, and they are large and white. The feed-vefiel is roundith, and the feeds are numerous, fmall, and brown. Ir tae aI 7O So ftalks in a The flowers ftand at the tops of the fmall regular and beautiful manner, and they are |
