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Show 144 MR, K. ANDERSEN ON BATS [May 16, proof that it did not reach Erytlirea and Sennar from the Mediterranean, by way of the Nile Yalley, but via the formerly existing, broad land-connection between S.'W. Asia and N.E. Africa. The individuals which established themselves in Central Europe, N". of the Balkans and the Alps, gradually making their way as far north as the Baltic, developed into a distinct, larger race (Rh. h. typicus). The British colony, originally the extreme western offshoot of the larger form, but soon cut off from communication with the Continental main stem, also developed into a distinct race (Rh. h. minutus); it got the not unusual stamp of an island form: the smaller size; and so it came to occupy, seemingly, but neither pliylogenetically nor geographically, a somewhat intermediate position between the northern and southern races of hipposiderus, between its immediate and its more remote progenitors. It is worth noticing that Rh. hipposiderus is distributed over the whole of England, occurring also in several places in Ireland, whereas Rh. ferrum-equinum is confined to the extreme south of England, apparently not farther north than Essex, Gloucester, and Pembroke, and has never reached Ireland. It may indicate that of these two comparatively recent immigrants into the British Islands, Rh. hipposiderus was the earlier comer. This assumption seems strengthened by another fact. On the Continent Rh. hipposiderus goes farther northwards and considerably higher up on the mountains than ferrum-equinum. It is but reasonable to suppose that the more hardy species was also the first to make its way to England. IY. S u m m a r y , 1. A progressive evolution is pointed out from the Austro- Malayan Rh. simplex, through a long series of Oriental forms, to the Western Palaarctic Rh. ferrum-equinum (pp. 76-120 ; resume pp. 116-120). 2. A similar chain from the Oriental Rh. lepidus to the Western Palsearctic Rh. blasii and Rh. euryale (pp. 123-138; resume pp. 135-138). 3. The Western Palfearctic Rh. hipposiderus has no closer known relative than Rh. midas from the coast of the Persian Gulf, which again can be traced back to the Oriental Rh. minor (pp. 138-144)." 4. All the Ethiopian representatives of the genus Rhinolophus are of Oriental origin (pp. 117-120, 136-138). 5. The following 26 forms (14 species and 12 subspecies) are described as new, all of them Austro-Malayan, Oriental, or Asiatic-Palfearctic :-Rh. simplex, p. 76; megaphyllus monachus, p. 80 ; nanus, p. 82 ; celebensis, p. 83 ; virgo, p. 88 ; nereis, p. 90 ; stheno, p. 91 ; rouxi sinicus, p. 98; thomasi, p. 100; affinis himalayanus, p. 103; a. tener, p. 103; a. macrurus, p. 103; a. superans, p. 104; a. nesites, p. 104; a. princeps, p. 106; ferrum- |