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Show by 1521 had placed more or less roughly on the map all the big islands of the Malay Archipelago. They were followed a few years later by Spanish, Dutch, and French adventurers. During the 17tli Century many British ships visited Sumatra and Borneo, and the Malay name Orang utan was in current use in scientific Europe during the second half of the 17th Century, having been originally definitely applied to the man-like apes of Sumatra and Borneo*. But towards the close of the 15th Century the Portuguese had already become acquainted with the West Coast of Africa and the Chimpanzee. They first noticed this creature in the southern part of what is now the colony of Sierra Leone. They called it in their earlier writings " Selvage " (savage), and later " Barri." Later still they came to know more of the Chimpanzee in dealing with the Lower Congo and Northern Angola t. It there went under the name of Pongo, which as already explained is the Angola name Mpongo. Andrew Battel, of the 16th Century, was an Essex fisherman. Through being shipwrecked off Brazil he got conveyed into Portuguese captivity in Angola. Escaping, he travelled into the northern part of Angola towards the Congo. He returned to England and brought back with him stories of the " Pongos," which obviously referred to the Chimpanzee. The name " Chimpanzee" does not seem to have come into vogue till the latter part of the 18tli Century, or to have been much used until the 19tli Century. I have no certain clue as to its origin; but I have been told that it is a Loango word of which the root would be -mpanzi or -mpangi (possibly, therefore, cognate with the Congo name for Chimpanzee, mpongi), with the well-known Bantu prefix chi (ki) added. This prefix is sometimes an augmentative, so that chimpangi or chimpanzi might merely mean a big ape. At the close of the 18th Century, Buffon, Linnaeus, Lacepede, and other zoologists had finally discriminated between the Gibbons, the Orang utan, and the African Chimpanzee ; and to this list was added in the period between 1847 and 1860 the definitely established genus (afterwards species, then again genus) of the Gorilla. The discovery of the Gorilla was really due to the American Evangelical missionaries, who established themselves in the early part of the 19th Century in the Gaboon; but complete specimens of this Ape and a far more extended knowledge of it were brought to the civilised world by Du Chaillu. Stanley asserted the existence of the true Gorilla as far east as the forest between the Upper Congo and the Nile watershed; and this statement has seemingly been confirmed by the specimens received from that region by Dr. Matschie, and described and figured by Mr. Rothschild. * Though often misapplied to the African Chimpanzee in the 17th and 18th Centuries by English and Dutch sea-captains, who, having first made acquaintance with the Orang in the Malay Archipelago, saw Chimpanzees at the West African ports on their return voyage. ■(■ When I visited Angola in 1882 Chimpanzees were still found in forested regions inland south of the Congo and north of the Quanza River, especially in the old kingdom of Congo. 74 ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE ANTHROPOID APES. [May 16, |