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Show 76 MR. K. ANDERSEN ON BATS [May 16, I include in this group 40 different forms (22 species), corresponding to Rh. megciphyllus, affinis, capensis, clivosus, and ferrum-equinum in Dobson's ‘ Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the British Museum.' Only the Austro-Malayan, Oriental, and Palaearctic forms will be described below, and only the first species in some detail, the description of the other forms being, as a rule, confined to the points in which they differ from the fundamental type. The Ethiopian species will be briefly mentioned in the " General Remarks" on the group (p. 117). 1. R h in o lo p i iu s s im p l e x , sp. n. (Plate III. fig. 1.) Diagnosis. Cranial character : supraorbital crests meeting at a point behind the middle of the orbit. External: sella distinctly constricted at middle. Forearm 44‘2 mm. Details. Nose-leaves large, as compared with those of the other Austro-Malayan species (Rh. truncatus, nanus). A supplementary leaflet distinctly visible in front of, and on the anterior part of the sides of, the horseshoe ; a character common to all the members of the present group, but becoming gradually less pronounced in the more highly developed species (affinis, ferrum-equinum, and their allies) ; it seems to point back to the much more primitive genus Ilipposiderus. Horseshoe so broad as to completely cover the upper lip ; a slight indication of a tooth-like projection on either side of the median notch. Sella decidedly broader at base than at summit, and distinctly constricted at middle ; summit rounded; height of sella, from angle between vertical portion and nasal lobe, about 4'8 mm., width at base 2'3, at constriction 1 '9, at summit 18 mm. ; front of sella densely covered with exceedingly short white hairs (scarcely observable without a lens). Posterior connecting process low and broadly rounded off. Lancet long, almost cuneate ; length, from posterior transverse bridge, about 4‘7 mm. Three mental grooves, as in all forms of this group, except the highest-differentiated species (ferrum-equinum and its nearest relations). Ears, compared with those of the closely allied Austro-Malayan species, rather large, almost reaching the tip of the muzzle when laid forwards. Upper part of outer margin somewhat concave; tip blunt; no constriction below the tip. Wing-structure very primitive : 4th and 5th metacarpals subequal in length (the 5th, if anything, a little shorter), and both of them but very slightly longer than 3rd; III.2* less than l.| the length of III.1; IV .2 and, especially, V .2 very short, being only a trifle longer than IV .1 and V .1 This structure of the wing is characteristic of all the primitive members of this group (simplex, megaphyllus, truncatus, nanus, eelebensis, borneensis, malayanus, rouxi, &c.); it is first in so highly-developed forms as affinis and its various modifications ( ferrum-equinum, &c.) that we find an important progress : prolongation of III.2; shortening of the 3rd * For brevity's sake I call the proximal phalanges of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th fingers I I I .1, IV .1, and V .1, the distal phalanges of the same fingers I I I .2, IV .2, and V .2 |