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Show 1905.] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 137 (2) The landeri-euryale type.-The Ethiopian Rh. landeri (Fernando Po, Gaboon), Rh. lobatus (Lower Zambesi to Mombasa), and Rh. dobsoni* (Kordofan) have the small skull and the small teeth characteristic of minor-subbadius; the same shape of the skull; the same dentition (no vacillation in the position of pa) ; the process is that of a subbadius. In so far there is no difference at all between this section and the former (empusa-blasii). But in the shape of the sella and in a certain peculiarity in the wing-structure they have taken a course of their own :-We have seen, in the simplex group, a progressive development from a sella constricted at the middle, through a parallel - margin ed stage, to a pandurate sella; we have seen in the lepidus group, too, the constricted sella [minor) modified into the parallel-margined (gracilis) ; the Ethiopian species here under consideration represent the third and final stage, the pandurate sella. In addition to this : in all of them IV.1 is peculiarly shortened: less than (extremely rarely, as a slight individual atavism, equal to) half the length of IY 2. As in Rh. evipusa and blasii, III.2 is lengthened. Rh. euryale, from the Mediterranean Subregion, is so extremely closely allied to the above-named Ethiopian species that it shares with them all essential characters (even the highly peculiar shortening of YV}), with one exception: it has retained the parallel-margined sella. Summary.-When discussing the affinities of the Ethiopian species of the Rh. simplex group (above, pp. 117-20), I arrived at the conclusion that they are undoubtedly derived from Oriental types, and that, most probably, the ancestral species have spread directly from South Asia into the Ethiopian Begion. As will be observed from this, a study of the Ethiopian representatives of the Rh. lepidus group leads to quite the same result: they have their closest known allies in the Oriental Begion, but they are, without exception, considerably more highly developed than any of their Oriental relatives. Bats of the subbadius-type have evidently spread from some part of South Asia south westwards into the Ethiopian Region (empusa; landeri, lobatus, dobsoni), and westwards over the Mediterranean countries (blasii; euryale). Of all the species of the Rh. lepidus group only one has found its way to Lower Egypt, Rh. euryale. It is a species exclusively Mediterranean in range, and unusually liable to differentiation into slightly differing local forms t. Its presence in Lower Egypt is easily explained by invasion from the adjacent Asiatic coast of the Mediterranean, where it is very common (specimens from Lower Egypt are indistinguishable from the Palestine form, Rh. e. judaicus) +. * Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. (1904) p. 156. f Andersen andMatschie, " Ueber einige geographische Formen der Untergattung JEuryalus" (SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1904, pp. 71-83). J Although it is beyond the strict limits of the present paper, I propose to insert a few words on the remaining Ethiopian species of the genus:- The cethiops section (Rh. cethiops, hildebrandti, and fuiniaatios) are very closely related to the Himalayan Rh. macrotis, but much more highly developed in the dentition, the wing- |