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Show 1867.] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE RHINOCEROTIDAE. 1023 The horns of the Rhinoceros are exceedingly difficult to procure ; they are eagerly bought up at high prices by the Chinamen, who not only value them as medicine, but carve them into very elegant ornaments (Blyth, I. c. 158). 2. CERATORHINUS MONSPELLIANUS. R. de Montpellier, Marcel de Serres. R. monspellianus, Blainv. Rhinoceros megarhinus, De Cristol; Gervais, Zool. et Paleont. Frang. ii. 43, iii. t. 2. Fossil, Herault, France. This species chiefly differs from R. sumatranus in the nose behind the base of the front horn being prolonged and subcylindrical. This species has been mixed up with R. tichorhinus (see Gervais, I. ci). The AFRICAN RHINOCEROTES. The skin uniform, without any strong fold, except at the junction between the head and body. Nose with two horns, one behind the other, front longest. Skull -.-occiput and condyles not produced. Nasal bones free, produced, broad, rounded in front. Intermaxillaries rudimentary, very small. Upper cutting-teeth none. Lower jaw arched below, thick. Teeth 28 : - I. ~. C. £=£. P.M. ±=± ' 0-0 0-0 4-4' M - IU' 3-3* Rhinaster, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1840; Gerrard, Cat. Bones B. M. 281. I am not aware that any adult African Rhinoceros has been seen living in this country ; and the external appearance of the species is chiefly known by the excellent figures given by Dr. Andrew Smith, in his ' Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa,' who figures Rhinoceros bicornis, R. simus, and R. keitloa. The specimens of these three species, which he collected and had stuffed by M . Verreaux under his own superintendence, are in the British Museum. There are two well-marked forms of these animals, characterized by the shape of the head and skull. The first (or short, blunt-headed, narrow-nosed group) includes two, and the second (or longheaded, broad, square-nosed group) includes one well-marked species, and probably another distinguished by the form of the horns, of which only the horns are known. There is a not quite adult skull of R. bicornis, and two adult skulls and two very young skulls of R. simus, in the British Museum ; but the skull of R. keitloa is only known from the description and figure of Camper. Cuvier figured two of these skulls, but considered them the adult and young of the same species. Unfortunately, R. oswellii is only known from the horns; I am not aware that any skin or bones of the species have been brought to Europe. There is a large number of the horns of each of the species in the Museum collection ; and they were known to Parsons, who figured them in the |