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Show 1867-] DR. J. E. GRAY ON SPONGES. 527 Euryphylle latens, Duchass. Sp. Mer Car. p. 114, t. 25. f. 7, 8. E. dubia, Duchass. ib. t. 25. f. 5, 6. Fam. 3. POLYMASTIAD^E. Sponge massive, with numerous open-mouthed erect tubes. Skeleton of the base of divergent fascicules of spinules; of the tubes formed of longitudinal and transverse fascicules of slender cylindrical elongated spicules. Polymastica, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 371. 1. PENCILLARIA. Spicules of the mass pin-shaped. The transverse fibres separate. PENCILLARIA MAMMILLARIS. Polymastica mammillaris, Bowerb. B. S. i. p, 178, ii. p. 571 ; O. Schmidt, Sp. Adriat. Supp. ii. t. I. f. 12. Spongia mammillaris, Muller, Z. D. t. 158. f. 3, 4. B.M. S. pencillus, Montag. W . Trans, p. 93, t. 13. f. 7. 2. POLYMASTICA, sp., Bowerb. B. S. Spicules needle-shaped. The transverse fibres fasciculated. POLYMASTICA ROBUSTA, Bowerb. B. S. i. p. 178, t. 29. f. 358, ii. p. 63. Alcyoncellum robustum, Bowerb. ib. i. p. 172, f. 257, 258. See also- P. ornata, P. bulbosa, P. brevis, and P. radiosa, Bowerb. ib. ii. pp. 59, 61, 64, 68. Order IV. ACANTHOSPONGIA (Armed or Hooked Sponges). Sponge strengthened with various-shaped spicules, besides the usual simple fusiform or needle-like spicules of the preceding order. These sponges, besides having the cylindrical fusiform needle-like or pin-shaped spicules found in the preceding order, are provided with various shaped spicules, which are usually armed with some form of hook or extended prickles that form a means of defence. These defensive spicules vary considerably in shape, being either bihamate, anchorate, three-pronged, or star-like ; and the various modifications of these forms are present in the different genera. Fam. 1. EUPLECTELLAD^E*. Sponge tubular, isolated, with the tubes closed at the top with a netted lid. The skeleton of the tubes formed of bundles of elon- * Professor Wyville Thompson, to whom I am indebted for the photographs of the species of this family in the Paris Museum here copied, in a letter, dated 22nd of May, 1867, observes, "As to the Euplectella, the two species (two species |