OCR Text |
Show 524 DR. j. E. GRAY ON SPONGES. [May 9, 24. RAPHIOPHORA, Gray, B. M. 1840. Sponge cup-shaped, friable, with a harder external case; pores minute. Spicules pin-shaped, fasciculated. RAPHIOPHORA PATERA. B.M. Spongia patera, Hardwicke, Asiatic Researches, xi. p. 180, 1822; Ferussac, Bull. Sci. Nat. viii. p. 165, 1826. Alcyonium poculum (Neptune's cup), "Everard Home, MSS./' Stutchbury, British Institution, on a plate by W . H. Baily. Hab. Sumatra (Raffles) ; Singapore (Hardwicke). 25. SPINULARIA. Sponge massive, depressed, minutely hispid. Oscules terminal, slightly raised. Spicules of two kinds:-1. Fusiform, sometimes curved. 2. Pin-shaped ; head ovate. SPINULARIA TETHEOIDES. Tethea spinularia, Bowerb. B. S. ii. p. 94, f. 25. 26. ANTHO. Sponge massive. Spicules of three forms : - 1 . Thick, pin-shaped, rugulose. 2. Thick, cylindrical, torn at the apices. 3. Elongate, needle-shaped, smooth. ANTHO INVOLVENS. B.M. Myxilla involvens, O. Schmidt, Supp. i. p. 37, t. 4. f. 6. 27. PlTALIA. Sponge amorphous. Spicules:-1. Pin-shaped or subclavate, stout, tubercular. 2. Pin-shaped, slender, slightly curved. 3. Cylindrical, slender, clavate, and rounded at each end. PlTALIA FRONDICULATA. B.M. Reniera frondiculata, O. Schmidt, Sp. Ad. Supp. t. 4. f. 10. Fam. 2. CLIONIAD^. " Forming excavations in shells and limestone. Cavity multilocular, united by a small tube, forming a dichotomous or anastomosing line of cells, and the inner surface shagreened or punctured. The sponge fills the entire cavity and ramifications, and the oscules and papillae correspond in size, number, and position with the external orifices on the surface of the shell or stone enclosing the sponge."-Hancock. The oscules and pores contractile. The pores when expanded prominent, above tbe surface of the shell, top flat, with a radiated opening. The oscules conical, tubular, with an open mouth. Cliona, Grant; Leidy, Proc. Acad. N. S. Philad. viii. p. 162, 1856 ; Hancock, Ann. N . H . iii. p. 321 (1849), iv. p. 355 (1849) \ |