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Show 584 TilE MONOGENISTS AND country to country, all over the world (as indeed my notes can ~h_ow that I have done) to provo that there is scarcely any spot rcmaimng now where amalO'amatiou between differ nt races has not taken place; and, cons ~ucutly, where philology, if applied "':it.hout knowlcclO'c of these physical fact , must often load to egr g10us error. I must. content myself, how ver, with succinct references, under each of the 54 heads of our "Etlmographic 'l'abloau," to authorities, through which an iuquircr can satisfy himsolf upon the truth of this ass rtion. 'l'he converse of our proposition will, moreover, substantiate its correctness, viz.: that, wherever there has been no amalgamation of races, a type will perpetuate its language and its blood, irro pcctivcly of climatic in:fl.u noes. Many islands and peninsulas would furnish illu trations in diftercnt regions of tho earth, but none more forLi:fiod with such ldstorical guaran1 os, and for so long a period as thir!.y O'Cncrations, as hyporborcan Iceland. ixty-fivc years, that is about A. D. 795, b foro its re-discovery by the Norwegian }!..,Joke in 8G1, Iceland had been occasionally visited by It·ish a11chorites ii.·om the li'croo Isles; o'l:l the Jatt r being known to tl1e learn d monks of Ireland prior to 725. Colonization of the former island by Scandinavians commenced as early as 862; 628 and thither flocked the Nort1lmon in su h numbers from IIalogaland, Drontheim, Nordcnficld, Nomm dalcn, &c., together with some cognate families from woden, eotland, the IIebrides, and Ireland, that, by 920, tl1o country was already populous; and tho :first historical c nsus of 1100 showed about "3860 principal heads of families." Unspcal able disasters from plngncs, volcanoes, famines, and diminutions of temporatnro, have been their lot; especially when cut o:tl:' from their last Greenland o1lshoots''2n by tho ice, during 1406-8. During nearly 1000 years pure-blooded N orthmcn have withstood, remote from tho rest of tho world, Iceland's inhospitable climate, and, froo ft·orn amalp:nmation with any other race, as a consequence, still speak tho old Norse as purely as Ingolfr, tho :first actual settlor in 862/00 Nevertheless, imbued, since their forcible conversion, 981-1000, with biblical traditions, oven th so Icelanders have hitched their genealogies on to the Semitic chart called Xth Goncsis! Jon Arason, bishop m LwrnONNr~, Rcclutrchea gtograpltiques et critiques sur le Livre "de Men sum orbia Tornll," compott e11 lrelmule, au commencrmmt du 9m• ti~clc par Dicuil; Paris, 1814.; pp. ] <H-46. 528 XAvir.ll MARMrBll, "Tlisloire do l'Islnndo," Voyage de la CommiMion Scicntifique du Nord, Corvette "Rechcrcbc," tn Isla11de et au Groen land (1885-G); Pnris, 8vo, J 840; pp. 1 2-J 91. ~20 Sootu:soy, Journal of Nortltem Whale Fisltery and Weat Gremlond, Edinburgh, 8vo 1 1828; and 0Ar~rAun, "lliatoire du Voyage de la Recllerche," :Paris, 1888; I, p. 8. 530 :'1-IAttMnm, "Litt6rnturo Tslnndniso," op. cit., p. 7: -BuNSF.N, Di~eour1e on Ethnology, Britiall Auoc. for tile Adu. of Scimce, in '' Thrco linguistic Dissertations," London, 184.8; pp. 278-9. TIIF. POLYGENISTS. 58G of Iceland towards tho end of the 15th century, although the son of a peasant, "caused his genealogy to monnt up in a stmight lino to tho first kings of D nmark, and even to Adam. * * * It com R clown fi.·om Adam to Noah, from Noah to Japhct, to .Jaf1· , Jothum, Cyprus, rote, aturn, Jupiter, to Darius. At the 23cl degree, we find Priam; at tho 25th, Throar, whom we call Thor, says tho chronicler; at the 42d, Voden or Odin ; tlJcn como the first kinO'S of Donmark; and, at tho 85th, appears the name of this bishop!" 531 In such a desolate country, amid wintry darkness extending to 21 hours pc1· diem, time must have boon wearisome. ympathy bids us rc poet the fables of a school-loving people, who, "simplex munditiis," compo d the Edda, be id s a multitude of Sagas,- generally about as histot'ical as good Bishop Arason's pedigre .532 Icelanders, however, may challenge tho rest of mankind to exhibit auothcr nation upon which a thousand years have entailed ncitbct· chanO'c of race nor alteration of speech. 'l'heir high-caste Scandinavi: n features, abundantly :figu,·cd in portraits by Gaimard,'w equally attest the pUJ·ity of their bloo.d ~nd permanence of t~pe, de. pite their long position on tho Arctic cu:clo,-whcro,. accordwg to alloO'Cd climat.ic action upon tho human frame, and Bishop Arason's genealogical tables aforesaid, they ought to l1ave boeomo either Lapps or Eskimo I . . . . Let it not bo said, in behalf of the monogcmshc v10w, that, 111 proportion as ono recedes into antiquit~, fewer .langu~gcs aud fcw.cr races arc cncountol'cd. At the ago of the wrJtor ot Xth GcnoAJR, witltin the very limited superficies cmbmccd within his geo~Taphy,63 ' the 70 nations, tribes, cities, and countries, enumerated by Jnm, were alt·cady divided "after their tongues." Tho existence of no othe~·s was known to him, else more would have been recorded. Even 1,n a fractional part of tho world, just at the edge of the _a?ovo .map_ i:l circumference, Herodotus tells us that, in tho twelve ctb.es of Ioma alone four distinct tonO'ucs wore pokcn; and how Grcc1an traders, betw~ n tho Volga and the Uralian range, carried with them n_o less than seven interpreters; whilst Polybins narrates tha~ Carthagtni. an merecnarics in Spain, during a mntiny, vocifcn:atccl their demands in ten dif!'el'ont languages. Y ct, to all these chromclers, tlJrco fourtlts - ---6lll MAilMIJt:Jt, " 1-[.IS- to- .u .c , " p . 823 .· -Compare somo of tho Aro.b gonoo.logies colloctod by CbcMnoy;-Op. cit., T, nppondicos, l'nblos l-4. . . 632 1-:t.HSMNil.tl, Guide to Nortltem Arclueology, by tlte R. Soc. of Northem Antlqllarltl of Oopmhogen London, 8vo, 1848, PP· 83-91. 1133 MAn~:rrm, Op. cit. Fl'om it I have solccted tho ~implc fi sherman, P~tur O~rtf~on; No. 14 of our 'l'nblonu: but the work contnins lnrgcr JikcnosMcs of mou moro tllustl·tous, pot·hapH, tbongh n<'t more typical. 684 J'ypca of Nankind, PP· 519-50, .Ethnol. 'fablcnu, and Mnp. |