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Show 304 TilE CRANIAL CHARACTERISTICS surod from the anterior c<lgo of the foramen magnum, in a direct line to tho sagittal suture, is 5 a inches. A certain angularity or squareucss of tho frontal and. posterior bi.-~ariotal r~g~ons, gi:os ~o this head the Teutonic form. Tho postcnor or ocC1pital rogwn 1s fiat and broad, and presents to the eye a somewhat pentagonal outline. The temporal regions nrc full, the mastoid processes largo, and the basis cranii nearly round. The outline of tho coronal region resembles a triangle, truncated at tho apex. This latter feature is also seen in one of the }j"'innic skulls (No. 1538). Sixteen skulls represent the Sucvic 01· Germanic race in Morton's Collection. The form of No. 37-the skull of a Gorman womanis round. No. 1063-a German of Tuhingen- exhibits tho square iorm very decidedly. The occiput is flattened; the face largo and long. No. 1064-also of Tubiugon-has tho Swedish or Northern, angular oval, a typo distinct froru tho oval of Southern Europe, with which lHtsty observers arc apt to confound it. It is a well-formed head, and in some respects resembles the Anglo-Saxon skull figured in 01·ania Britannica. No. 1188-also of Tubiogcn-rosomblos the pt· ceding skull. No. 1189 (Tubi.ngen) boars tho Swodo-Finnic typo. Nos. 1191-German of Frankfort -1192 and 1193-Prussia us of Bcl'lin- approximate tho square form. Nos. 1187 (Frankfort), and 1065 (Prussian), present tho Swc<lish typo. No. 1066 (Prussian), is square, or angularly round. It will thus he seen, from tho foregoing observations on the crania of the races of N orthcrn, Central, and Western Europe, that we must distinguish for these regions several distinct cmnial types- a Lapponic, a Finnic, a Norwegian, a Swedish, a Cimbt'ic, a Gcl'manic, an Anglo-Saxon, a Keltic, &c. ; that tho modern Finn represents, in all probauility, tho ancient Tchudic or Scythic tribes; that the Norwcgian and Swedish are varieties of the same typo; that tho Germanic form is intermediate between the Finn and Swede; that the Anglo-Saxon skull is allied to tho Swc<lish, its facial portion bearing, to some extent, the Finnic stamp; that the Cimbric typo is very ancient (more ancient, perhaps, than any of the forms just enumerated, except the Lapponic), resembles tho kumbc-kophalic, and repr scnts a primitive humanitarian epoch; that tho Keltic type, if indeed any such exists, should bo regarded as a variety of the Cimh1·ic- a low and early form; and lastly, that the various types of skull to a certain cxtcHt approach, represent, and blond with each other in obedience to the great and, as yet, not properly understood law of gradation which seems to pervade and harmonize all natural forms, an<l in consequence, also, of the amalgamations which, within OF TilE RACES OF MEN. 305 certain limits, must have accompanied tho successive occupancy of this region by the races of men un<lcr consi<loration. In the following Table, the reader will :find those races compared together in relation to their cranial capacities. 1'ABL lJJ Ill. EuROPEAN CRANIA. FlNNB. SW£DE8. 0 ERMANB. ANOI.O· ANOLO.AMER!· KE~:re. ~~ SAXON B. CANS. ---- -- No. in No.in No.in No. in Cala,. 1. C. No. in No. in No. in Olta· L 0. !Jlta. 1. C. Cltta. La. Cltta- 1. a. Cltta· 1. 0. Cltta- I. a. 'togue. 'toguc. lO(Jue. 'togut,. louue. lO(JI!.e. 'togue. j -- ------ ------------ -------- 1634 94.5 1486 90 700 04. 80 01 662 07 21 93 1255 80 1636 97.6 1645 107.6 1003 86. 530 02 800 01 42 07 1632 80 ~ 1636 112.5 1640 93.76 1188 86. 991 106 1108 95 ~2 82 1660 94 11137 84.25 1647 102. 1180 78. 60 90 985 03 1638 106. 1548 04. 1101 06. 1180 77 1630 81.6 1649 108.26 1187 104. 16()4 87.6 1640 88.5 434 114. 1641 09. 1006 92. 1060 80. ---------------------------- Jlfean .. 05.34 100.75 02. 06.75 94.33 88 .. 26 84.60 - -- -- ------------------------ j 1247 85. 100·L 01. 7 83. 18 78. 1240 83 1487 05. 1002 03. 24 82. J 102 82. 1193 80. ~ Jlfoan of !Avo &.<tel ....... I 04.31 I 1 90.31 I I I 80.61 ls6.781 18U5 In tho above Table, tho reader will observe tl10 high cranial capacities of tho Swedes, Finns, and Germans; he will also perceive that the Anglo- axons and Anglo-Americans possess the same large average; while tlJO mean for the Kelts and Cimbri is several inches loss. It is a curious fact, that in the column marked" Kelts," Nos. 21, 42, 52, and 985 exhibit the Gothic type, as before moutioncd (page 301), and have in gcucral the high internal capacity of tho Northern races; while Nos. 18, 1186, and 1564, which aro of tho Cimbric type, possess a lower internal capacity. The Table is not extensive enough to base upon this interesting iact any positive conclusion; but as fa.r as this fact goes, it appears to me to confirm tho suggestion already advanced, that tho Cimbric and Keltic types of skull arc closely allied, if not, indeed, identical. As the observant traveller, coming from the west, approaches the bn.nks of tho Vistula, he becomes aware of some modifications of the cranial type just described,- modifications which call to his mind 20 |