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Show / 30 T JI E C R A N I A L CHAR A C 'fER I S TIC S It is to be regretted that the Mortonian Coll ction contains ~ot ~ Rin()'lc Hungarian sl ull. Wcll-dl'awn descriptions of the omrua of thi; naLion would, in all pr hahility, settle at once and forever tho long-disputed qn stion of tl1oir origin. I may say, in passing, however, that the above description of l~DWARDS rather tends to tho suppoRition that tho Hungarians ar cognate with tho Finns. Upon the Boo thorn border of the lanls of the Ma~yar we qnconntor tho Wallachs, tho probable dcsccnclants of the auc10nt Gotoo 01· J?acians, and tho only living representatives of the ancien~ Thrac1an race whose area extended from the shores of the Mediterranean, nortl1ward beyond tho Dnnubc, and eastward into Asia Minor. lloro tho human type again varies, to such an extent, indo ~' ~l1at PRIOIIAitD speaks of tho Wallachs as a people peculiar and d1stmct from all the other iuhabitants of the countries on the Lower Danube. "Tho common Wall!loh," ho continuos, "as wo are informed by n. lf1to trn.vcllor, difJ'ors in a dooidod mnnnor from tlJO Magyar or Hungarian, n.s well as from tho Slnvos o.nd Gormnus who inlutbit tho border~ of Hungnry. l'hoy o.ro gonomlly below tho rniddlo height, thin, nnd slightly built. i'hoir fonturos nro often finely shnped, their noscti nrchcd, their oycs dnrk, their hair long, blnok, nnd wavy; t.hoir couutonancos nrc often cxprossivo of cunning o.ud timidity. 'l'hcy seldom displny tho dull honvy look of the Slovak, and still more mrcly tho prouJ c~trringo of the Mt\gyar. "Mr. Pngot wns struck by tho re8omblnnco which tho present W~tllnchs bonr to tho Aculpturod figuros of ancient Dacinus to bo soon on Tmjon's Pillar, which nrc romnrkt1blo for long and flowing beards." 2011 In the Bulgarians of tho southern banks of the Danube, and tlw Albanians of tllO Venetian Gulf, we discover still ot.l1cr types, differing alil o ft·om each other, and from tho W aJJachian. Lih the Basques of tho Pyrenees, tho Bretons of France, :.md tbc Gncls of BriLain, the Albanians or J ipp tars differ in lmwuagc and physical characters from the races by which they arc surround d, and appear to be the remnant of a people who, if not identical with the myl:lterious and much-debated Pcla gi, wcr , in all probability, thcil' cotcmporarics. They diflcr decidedly from their Greek ucirrl1bors, being generally nearly six fc t high, and strong and mnscular in proportion. "They lu.wo oval fi.tecl:l, largo mustachios, a ruddy color in their checks, a brisk, anbnat,ed eye, a wcH-propot•Liollcd mouLh, anu :fine teeth. Their neck is I ng and thin, their chest broad; their legs arc slender, with very liLtlc calf."~ Neither time nor space p rmits me, nor docs tlte Mortonian Collection contain the cranial material necessary, to illustrate the !106 Reaonrcbos, &o., iii. p. 504. Seo, also, Paget's Trnvols it\ JJung11ry n.nd '1'1'1\nsylvania, vol. ii. p. 18(), et 8eq. Lontlon, 183!!. Soc ante, Pulszky's Cho.p., fig. 70, "D:\oinn." 200 Poquevillo oiled by Priohnri.l. OF TITE RACES OF i\fEN. 300 numerous and diversiflcu typos of skull which are 11ow, as in the most ancient times, found scattered throtwh the Grecian, ItaliaJl, and lbcrian peninsulas of l~uropc- in fa<"t, all along tl1e shor 'B of the Mediterranean. Tribe after tribe, race after race, nation aftL·t· nation, appear successively to have occupied the soil of Europ<', playing out their allotted part in tl1o groat Lila-drama, and then sinking quietly into tho oblivion of the dim, mysterious, and eternal Past, whose only r c rds arc va()'uc trnditions, and strallgc linguistic forms-whose sole monuments are rude mollnds, and mouldcring humatile bonos. Here and there, we ar called upon to contemplate fragmentary and isolated communities, whose origin is loHt in the night of time, and who for long a()'cs have cluncr to a moulltain range, to a valley, or a watcr-comsc, <liflori11g f1·om the more modern but still ancient people about th m, and slowly awaiting that annihilation which they i11sLinctively fe l is sur to come at last. As the Universe maintains its life anu pristine vigor by an unending d struction, which is simply an incessant transmutation of its part~;; and as the health of individual man is preserved by the ccascleHB molecular death and metamorphosis of tho tissues, so tl1c lluman ]1'amily- the huge body humanitarian- is kept alive and strong upon the globe by the decay and death, ll'Om time to time, of its ethnic members. If these passive, stagnati11g parts were allowed to accumulate, the death of the whole would be in vitnblo. Thlli':! hoary Nature, establishing in death the hitldcn sp1·ings of other forms and modes of life, maintains herself ever young and vigorous, and through apparent evil incessa11tly engcnclct· good. It would be unpardonable, in this attempted survey of the cranial characteristics of tho races of men, thouo·h ever so hurri dly mad , if we omiLted to notice the Greeks and Romans- respectively, the intellectual and physical masters of the world. In tho Greek sl ull, we behold the embl m of exalted reason; in the Roman, tl1at of unparalleled military prowess. Not alone h1 the matchless forms which tho inspired chisel of a Phidias and a Praxitel s l1as left us, may we study the Grecian type. .Among tl1c Speziotcs of tl1c ArclJip lago, and in various localities through the Morcn-th area oftl10 ancient Ilellencs-th so marble figures still :find tlt •it· living representatives; thus attcsti11g, at once the truLhfllln ss of tho artist, and the pertinacity with which nature ever clings to l1cr typical {orm8. Nor need we resort to tJ1e Dncal Gallery at Florence, to obtain a correct idea of tho Roman type, as embodied in Lhc busts of tl1o early Emperol's of tho Seven-hilled City. Travellers inii rm us, that this type, unchanged by tho vicissitudes of time and circumstance, |