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Show DISTINCTIONS 013SERVA13LE AMONG yellow or reddish hair; notwithstanding that, of all races, the J ewe, especially in modern times, have striven beyond any types to preserve their blood pure from all admixture. And one may reduce the counter-argument of some monogenists who, with Prichard, have thrown overboard U SliER's D.o. 4004 for" Creation," viz., that, who can tell what the action of unnumbered chiliads of pre-historic ages may have done in changing one type into another?-to a simple rule of t!hree: If 5000 years, as proved by every possible testimony, have done notMng, how much will any time do? "Nothing,'' wrote Quoy and Gaimard,GH the accurate observGrs who sailed round the world with Dumont d'Urvillo (1826-9), "bettor proves the difficulty that zoology presents, when one's object is to well characterize a species, or a variety of species, than the diversity of human races, admitted by naturalists. How, indeed, can distinctions, oftentimes so fugn.cious, become settled upon solid bases! When, in correct zoology, one would determine a species, it is by uniting the greatest possible number of individuals that some certainty may be attained. IIow, then, catch all those delicate hues constituting that which is called facie&, through notes, drawings, and reoollootions wonkenod by tho distances one has traversed, and by tho absence of tho individuals one has to compn.re? In order to obtn.in positive results, it would bo, therefore, nccessn.ry to do thn.t which is, so to say, impossible; viz.: unite a grotLt number of individuaiR of those varieties, for the purpose of comparing them together; and to cause oil-portraits to be made as perfect likenesses, in order to indicate tho precise shade of tho physiognomy. This has not as yet boon dono in a satisfactory manner, nnd any attempt to do it would encounter considerable difficulties during the rapidity of a. nautical voyage.'' Many of the obstacles, deplored thirty years ago by such qualified judges, to collecting an adequate series of ethnological likenesses, continue in force at the present day; but the photographic meliorations which Daguen·e's wonderful discovery has latterly received, combined with the dexterous application of colored plaster-casts to the human bust, have already removed the more serious impediments to future mechanical exactitude. To Dumouticr676 unquestionably belongs the merit of first practising, on a large scale, this method of permanently securing faithful copies of Oceanic and Australian types. Blanchard's comments on this superb collection are worthy of careful perusal. '' Tho physiognomies, of the inhabitants of localities visited by explorers, ho.vo been often represented, through the aid of drawing, in accounts of voyages; but, in nll, one may affirm it, those representations are imperfect. If there be, now and thou, nny which n.pproximatc to tho truth, it is, so to say, alwn.ys impossible to verify thorn. 1'hc anthropologist can, m Voyage de la Oorvette I' Astrolabe; Zoologic, Paris, 8vo, 1880; I, chap. 1, "Do l'IIommo ;" p. 15. m Voyage de l'A1trolabe et de la ZeUe; Atlas, Anthropologie, Paris, fol., 1845-50; Text in 8vo, 1864, by DLANOllARD. cr. Bulletin de la Soc. Ethnol. de Pam, 1847, I, pp. 284-5, 289.-90. The original casts, exnotly colored, but representing chiefly Moln.nian and Polynesian rno?s, now n.dorn th~ Galerie Anthropologique at tho Jardin des Plantes. My wife had only t1mo to copy the t1nts given to each bust. VARIOUS GROUPS OF HUMANITY. 607 therefore, ha~e ~o confidence in them. He must renounce their employment in determining the charn.ctertsttos of races; in a word, he cannot utilize them. "Artists habitu~ted to draw unceasingly the European typc,676 are unskilful, in the gren.ter n~mber of cas~s, m tracing the portrait and the true physiognomy of an American savage, ot of tL Polynesian Islander. They tend irresistibly to give him, moro or less tho oxpt·cssion of those European faces w~ioh they are accustomed to reproduce through the art of design. Hc~ce ~roceed all those likenesses of nativo races, from different parts of the world, thnt o~dtnartly resemble Europeans accoutred in a queer costume, and besmeared (barbouittd 3 ) With ~cHow, brow~, black. M. Dumouticr has better understood what was necessary to be done In order to gtve an exact knowledge of the facial traits, and of tho general form of the hon.d, amongst those tribes he l1aa observed. " In each loc~lity, he was at great pains to persuade some individuals to allow themselves to be moulded [m pln.ster], and we must believe that he well knew how to come nbout it. He .ha.s succeeded in bringing back a great number of casts tn.kcn upon inhabitants of tho maJonty of places touchod at by tho corvettes A8trolabe and Ztlte. M. Dumouticr has thus gn.ther~d a collection of busts of tho highest interest, tho greater portion of which are now placed m tho 'galorie anthropologiquo du Mus6um d'histoire naturelle do Paris.'" After showing, nevertheless, that material difficulties in the execution of: cas~s render even them somewhat faulty, by closing the eyes and dzstortmg features, -and recommending that a daguerreotype should always accompany each head- Blanchard again remarks : "Hitherto, anthropological museums being very inconsiderable, one bas been obliged to resign one's self to comparisons too restricted for their results to bo seriously generalized. These comparisons, furthermore, reduce themselves to very small affairs. At the scientific point, it is not allowable to dwell upon such variable impressions of tourists; and yet this oven until now, is tho prinoipn.l stock of o.nthropology."m ' ' 6 70 Strolling one day (April, 1849), with my friend Dr. Doudin, through tl1o Jardin des TuiUcriu, he drew my attention to a marble statue, "all standing naked in the open air," of Apollo (I think); "dont," as he observed, "los cuisses ont du negro,"-at tho same time that tho uppot· part of tho body is magnificent. This incongruity, however, received explanation through an odd circumstance; viz.: tl1at the Parisian statuM·y commissioned to execute the work,-wishiug to save his own pocket, and not being able to procure, at tho price, a white man suffic iently well made-up to stand for a "torso" in his studio- hired a finolooking negro-valet, then at Paris, as the chenpor alternative. Upon the latter's splendid bust ho sot, indeed, Phoobns's sublime head, but ... ho forgot tho legs I In tho snmo manner, Nubsequently (Oct., 1855), at the picture-gallery of the Exposition U11ivmelle, my well-beloved cousin, Miss C. J. Gliddon, pointed out to mo a couple of pnintings, by an English nrtist, of scenes in Spo.in,-for richness of coloring and accuracy of costume unsurpassablo; but, spite of beo.rds or coquettish veils, each malo or female face betrayed an English countt·y-bumpkin. Again, I have seen Chinese colored skotohos, of English officers and Indios walking about Macao dm·ing tho wn.r of 1841-2, exquisitely dono; save thnt their eyes were ~tll oblique, while their "Caucasian" features wore lost in tho Sinico-Mongol. Dut for po~sossion of my old comrndo M. Prisse's "Oriontnl Album" I should have boon unable to indicnto to tho ren.dor, -through any works known to mo about tho very peoples I know best- a faithful likeness of an Llrab ,· and oven this falls short of tlto most beautiful of all, viz., tho portrait of tho glorious and ill-starred AnoALLAU·EUN-SouuooD, Prince of the heroic Wah'n.boos (Mt:NOIN, l'B'gypte sous le Gouv. de Afolwmmed Llty, Paris, 1828, II, p. 142), The octavo text I hn.ppen to ho.vo; but the folio Atlas lies still with my library- and other things-somewhere in Egypt. So much in confit·mation of M. Pulszky's four propositions [supra, pp. 9tJ.-fli]. m Op. cit., pp. 7-8, 47. 111' '1 I li I |