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Show 276 TilE CRANIAL CIIARACTERIS'l'JCS A Penjur of Lbassn. is thus described by lloDosoN: "--Face moderately ltu·gc, sub-ovoid, widest between angles of jaws, less bot ween chock-bones, which nrc prominent, but not very. Forehead rather low, t\nd narrowing somewhat upwMds; narrowed n.lso lrn.nsvcrsely, nnd much loss wide than the bn.ck of tho hon.d. Frontal sinus largo, and brows heavy. llt~ir of eye-brows and ln.shcs sufficient; forme1· not arched, but obliquely descendent towards tho bnse of nose. Eyes of good size nnd slmpe, but the inner anglo decidedly dipt, or inclined downwards, though the outer is not curved up. Iris a fino, deep, clear, chestnut-brown. Eyes wide apart, but well and distinctly scparl\t.od by tho basal ridge of 1ooso, not well opened, cavity being filled with flesh. Nose suiTioiently long, and well rnisod, even at base, stntight, thick, and fleshy towards the end, with hugo wido narcs, nottr!y round. Z:ygomoo ltu·ge and salient, but moderately so. Anglos of tho jo\WS prominent, more so thMI zygomoo, nnd face widest below the ears. Mouth modomtc, well-formed, with well-made, closed lips, hiding tho fino, regular, nnd no wny prominent tooth. Uppot· lip long. Chin rather small, round, well formed, not retiring. Vorticnl line of tho face very good, not at all bulging at tho mouth, uor rctiriug below, owd not much above, but more so there townrda the roots of tho hnir. Jaws largo. Enr~ mollol" ate, well made, and not starting from tho head. llcad well formed nnd round, but longer a parte poHl than a parte ante, or in tho froutt1lregion; which is somewhat contracted CJ"OHswiso, nnd somewhat narrowed pyJ·amiclnlly upwards. . . . . Mongolian cast of fenturoa ciocided, but not extremely so; and expression intelligent and amiable." 1~~ KLAPOR1.'1I has shown that a general resemblance prevails between tho lauguagcs of the Turk, Mongolian, and Tungusian. The foregoing remarks upon the cranial characters of these people, arc, to flomc extent, confirmatory of the slight affinity h rc supposed to be indicated. The Turk an<l Mongol, however, appoat· to me to be more related to each other than to the Tungusian, whoso cranial conformation must ratl10r be r gardcd as transitionary from the pyramidal type. Indeed, the Tu11gusiau tribes seem to collncct tl1e Cl1incse with the frozen North; ior, in a modified degree, the same difloronces which separate the true IIypcrborcan from the typieal M ougol, also separate tho Clrinoso from the latter. In other woi'ClR, the Chinese nation, in tho form of their h ads, resembles the oTeat Inuit family more than the Mongolian. This opinion is based ~pon tho critical examination of eleven Chinese skulls, obtained fi·om various sources, an<l now comprised in the Mortonian collection. If we compare toO" thor the lateral or profile view of the Eskimo (Fig. 10) with that of tt Chi11csc (No. 94 in Morton's collection -the head of" one of sovclltccn pil·atos who attacked an<l too] the Frc11Ch ship 'J..~c Nn.vigatcur,' in the O!Jiua Sea"), it will be seen that they both present tho same long, JlatTow form, appearing as if laterally compressed. In both tho temporal ridge ntounts up towards tl1e vortex, and in both a larg surface is presented fo1· the attachment of tho temporal muselc. In both the forehead is rocedont and the occiput prominent. But, while in tho Eskimo (and this is ~ cbarac- 1o' J~urnal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xvii~rt 2, p. 222. Soc nlso Prichnrd's Nat. Ihst. of Mm1, edited by Eow1N Noltlus, vol. I. p. 219. OF THE RACES OF MEN. tcristic feature) the greater portion of the malar surface looks anteriorly, thus giving the disproportionate sub-orbital breadth to the face; in the Chinese, ou the contrary, I find that the gl'catcr portion of this surface looks laterally, the zygomatic arches not being separated so widely. Hence, the greatest transv r e diameter of the base of the Chinese cranium ~~i:t:J docs not fall in the anterior region between the zygomro, as we have seen to be the case in the Fig. 18. CutNESE (No. 1)4). 277 Eskimo cranium. It sho11ld be observed, moreover, that the jaw is mo1·e rounded aJtd less massive in tho latter tl1an in the former. In the Chinese, the ·hin is more acuminated.; but it is a curious fact th:1t in both we have the same prognathous character of the upper jaw. When we compare the two facially, we be ome aw:ll'c that they differ, not only in breadth of face, but also in that particular clement which helps to give to the face of the Eskimo its diamond or lozenge shape. In tbis latter, the iorel1cad is ilat, narrow, ancl triangular; in the Chinese, a broader, less flat, and square forehead changes the character of the £'tee, as is sl10wn in all t1Jc specimens which I have examined, especially in Nos. 426 and 427 of Morto11's collection. Other features equally interesting I might point out, but my space docs not permit, and, moreover, I l1opc to be able to return to this inquiry in a future publication. On page 45 of the Ot·ania Americana, I find the following description, from the pen of Dr. MORTON: "The Cbiuose skull, so far as I can judge from the specimens that have como under my in~pcction, is oblong-ovnl in its general form; tho os frontis is nnrrow in proportion to tho width of the fttco, nncl tho vertex is prominent: tho occiput is moderately f111ttcnod; JG!l the fnco projects more than in the Cnucasian, giving an angle of llbout seventy-five dogrcoH; the teeth , nre nearly vertical, in which respect they c\ilfor ossontilllly from Hoose of tbo Mo.lny; and tho orbits arc of moderato dimensions and rounclocl." BLANCIIARD thus alludes to the Chinese cranium: "Dans les cdtnos de Chinois, 1 ~~< la fo.ce vue par clovnnt est allong6e; ello n'o. plus cos cllt6s pamllclos que nous avons signnl6s drtns los rnces oc6nniquos, cllc s'nmincit gmduellemont vors lo bas. Lo coronal est largo; mosurc drL!ls sa plus grnncle c!tonduo, la largcur 6quiva.ut il. pen po·bs ol. In hauteur, prise do l'origine des os nnsaux il. sa jonction avec los 1M This feature I cannot detect in any of tho above-mentioned eleven skulls. 15' Pl. 4.3 of Dumoutier's Atlas. |