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Show GSG TilE MONOGENISTS AND of the earth's surface were utterly unknown! A glance over the annals, or monuments, of those throe fourths, will provo that the major portion of their human inhabitants, like other genera of their mammalia, must have existed contemporaneously. Our last volume, combined with tho great enhancement of authentic examples contributed by our erudite coadjutor Mr. PuLSZKY to this, ought to satisfy unbiassed doubters that it is not through the mere love of opposition that polygouists claim a right to demand some things more reasonable than dogmatic denial, before "the unity of the human .~pecics" can be accepted by science. Thoro occurs yet another contingency that, in various countries, has had a certain influence in disturbing the natural ordel' of some tongues, and which philologists should not altogether ignore. It is where, as in the French "al'gots," in the English "slangs," or in the Arabic dialect of tho Awalem, a new idiom is invented. Of such, Oriental history presents us with many curious examples, and European even to tho forgery of a pretended language. 'l'hus, in China, as mentioned in our former work, the Mandchou Tartar dynasty coined five thousand now words which they forced upon their subjects, as Champollion-Figeac says, "d'cmb16o et par ordonnance." Again, at Owyhee, about 1800, His Majesty Tamaahmaah invented a new language, in commemoration of tho bil'th of a son; but, according to Kotzebue, this prince happening to die, the people resumed their old one. There are many English colonies whore, at this day, judicial proceedings in court, as at Malta and Corfu, can only be caniod on in English; and the strongest bulwark of tho Ottoman rule,-now extinguishing itself in the exact ratio that, theough amalgamation, the pure Tnranian blood ebbs away-was that uncompromising instinct which forbade Turks to respect any lallguago but the 'l'ut·kish. Now, I do not mean to aver that, in any of these cases, c?unterfoits cannot be detected; or that true philology is unable to d1scover the genuine stock from which such invention may have issued, so to say, by the ring of the metal. I am merely calling attention to very common circumstances through which the tongu€! spoken frequently contradicts the type of its speaker. But, to close this argnmcnt: It may be advanced by transcendental philology, that all those distinct tongues are comprehended within its laws; that is to say, whether a transplanted negro in America speaks Cherokee, a Jew expatriated to Singapore adopts Malay, or a Chinose brought up at Berlin converses in Gorman, that, nevertheless, ~hc?e. languages-American, Malayan, and Teutonic-that each l nd1v1d ual has acquired; together with those idioms- African, Hebrew, and Sinic-which every individual has forgotten, are all TilE POLYGENISTS. G87 comprised within the classification "Arian, Semitic, and Turanian," as und rstood by tho Bunsen-school; and furthermore t11at liko unity in trinity, those three classes arc reducible into one pri:Ueval speech. Do~ying the competency of any man living, in the actual state of sc:onco, to be considered a "philologist" if he enunciate such a doctrmo, I must .again refer toM. MAURY's Chapter I. in the present volume for proofs that the truth lies in tho contrary statement. Although the sn bjcct of" chronology" may be here a little out of place, still, in support of preceding remarks [supra, pp. 466, 469], the reader will not object to my intercalating the substance of Chevalier Bunsen's latest publication (..!Eg,yptens Stelle, V1•• Buchos, 5'" Abthcilung, pp. 342-59), in the only space of this volume whore such new and interesting matter can be introduced. I am not aware that the work itself has yet reached this country, bnt owe what follows to the considerate kindness of our collaborator Mr. PuLSZKY, through a private letter received here whilst finally correcting "revises." CHEVALIER BUNSEN'S CHRONOLOGY. ORIGIN OF MANKIND. Years before Christ. lllood in N orthcrn Asia- Emigration of the Arians from the valley of the Ox us nud Jnxartcs, nnd of the Shcmitcs from the valley of the 1.'igris and Euphrates- between ................................................... 10,000 and Egyptian nomcs (pt·oviucos) under repul>licnn form .............................. .. Dut, tho usc of hioroglyphicnl writing nlroady probnblo at about ............. . End of tho republican phase in Egypt ............................................... . DY'fiS tho 1.'lJeban, lst Priest-king ................................................... .. End of tho Priest-kings .... ..... . ................................................... ..... . (About this time NtMROD, and o. Turanian empire in Mo~opotn.mia, &c.) Elective kings in Egypt, from .............................. : ................ 7,230 to Hereditary Kings in Upper and Lower Egypt,-a double empire from 5,413 to ............................................................................................ . 1\fENER, king of united Egypt ............................................... n.o. 3623 Groat Chaldoon.n empire begins in Dabylonia........ ...... ....... ...... " 3784 ZoROASTER, between 3500 o.nd...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ........ ..... " 8000 Foundation of Dabylon...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......... ...... ......... " 8250 1.'yrit1n chronology begins............ .................................... ... " 2760 Exodus of tho Israelites...... ... ............................................. " 1320 s~~!lltAMIS ............................................................ 1278 to " 1200 SoLOMON's ll1'a...... ...... ...... ...... ......... ...... ...... ............ ......... " 1017 &o. &o. 20,000 11,000 10,000 12,000 9,086 9,085 7,231 5,414 8,624 |