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Show 3{2 TilE CRANIAL CIIARACTERISTICS entre los 08 jugn.ux a 1om· insertion, qu'ollo oat mrmifostomont sup~ri~ure i\ co11c q.uc nous 1\vons reoonnuo sur do nombroux crflnes de naturols des ilos Mn.rqu1ses. Cotto dlifcronce oat n.ussi tros-sonsiblo dans lo crflno d'onfnnt qui, sur ln. mllmo planche, porto los num6ros 6 ot G." DuMOUTJER figures, in his beautiful Atlas, several crania from Tongataboo and Vavao, of which I select one (Fig. 74), that of . a Tonga Islander, to represent the sk~ll- Flg. 74 · typo of the Friendly Islands. Accordmg TONGA !SLANDI!IR. to BLANOIIARD, those crania resemble, in their general form or typo, those of tho Mangar6viens, 'l'aitians, and other Polynesians. IIo assures us that the proportion~:~ of the calvaria, tho prominence of tho zygomatic arches, and tho maxillfuy bones, appear to be the same in all. Viewed in front, tl10 head of the Tongans partakes of tho pyramidal form more decidedly than tho skulls of the other Polynesians. Tho coronal region is also a little longer. "Si lo carnotOro," soyR Br.ANCHAilD, "observe ici sur quelques individua n.ppn.rticnt il. lo. plus grnndo mnsso doH 1l1\bito.nt.~ do l'nrchipel des Amis, il doviondro. 6vidcnt qu'il existc un carn.ctcro anthropologiquo pour tlistinguor los Tongn.ns do leurs voisins do !'est, et quo oe Ollracthre traduit uno supcriorit6 roln.tive d'intolligence." A higher form of tho skull than the Tongan, is soon in Fig. 75, Fig. 75. which represents tho head of a Fcejoe Islander, in tho Collection of the Royal College of Surgeons, London. It is thns described by MAit1'IN : "The forehead is small, and ln.tomlly compressed, tho spn.oo occupied by tho temporal musolo being quito flat; but tho centro of each pn.riotn.l bono is boldly and abruptly convex; tho top of the hon.d, or coronal arch, is ridge-like, with a slope downward on oach side; tho chock-bonos n.ro ]r}rge nnd doop; tho upper rnnrgin of tho orbits is smooth ; n.nd tho front11l sinuses aro but slightly indicated; tho orbits aro hll·go, n.nd rl\thor oirculn.r; tho nasnl FEEJli}J IsLANDER. bonos n.ro short n.nd doprosscd, and tho nasn.l ot·i-fico is of romn.rkn.blo width nnd oxtont, as is that of tho posterior nnrcs n.lso; tho nlvoolnr ritlgo of tho superior mnxilln.ry bone projects moderately; tho lower jn.w is very thick and deep; tho posterior n.nglo is rounded, and the bo.so of the ramus n.rchetl, so thn.t the posterior anglo and tho chin do not touch a pln.no; the btwiln.r process of the occipital bono is less inclined upward tbn.n in five or six European skulls cnmined n.t the snmo time: tho coromtl suture only impinges on the sphenoid bone by n. qun.rtor of n.n inch. From the middle of tho ocoipitn.l condyle to the alveoln.r ridge botwe~u tho two middle incisors, tho me11Suremont is four inches nnd throe-eighths; tho poston?r development of tho orn.nium, beyond tho middle of tho condyle, three inohos and throo-otghths." OF TilE RACES OF MEN. Fig. 76 represents tho head of a native of Malicolo, one of tho Now lie brides. As wo journey westward toward Australia, we find the human cranial typo changing again in the inhabitants of tho Vitian Archipelago. A glance at tho figures on plato 33 of DuMOUl'IE:n's Atlas, shows at onco that the Vitian skulls diilor to some extent from tboso of tho other Polynesian races already noticed. 'l'ho cranium of tho former is moro elongated posteriorly, and tho maxillary bonos aro more salient; tbo forehead is low rand 343 Fig. 76. MALIOOLO. more rccodcnt, so that, viewed in front, the head has loss of tho pyramidal form. BLANCHARD has pointed out considerable cliflcr nco~? i11 tho dimensions of tho Vitian, as compared with tho other Polynesian skulls. He also compares together Afl'ican and Polynesian crania, and observes that if those two groat groups resemble each other in certain characters, they diftcr not the loss remarkably in others. It is obviously impoAsiblo for me, in thi~:~ place, to give au elaborat<' description of tho various skull-forms of tho Polynesian realm. uch a description, in the bands of BLANCITARD, has already grown into a11 octavo volume of nearly throe hundred pages. Lot it suffice, thoroforo, to say, that tho traveller, as he visits in succession tho numerous groups of islanus composing the Polynesian realm, is constantly confronted with interestiug and instructive modifications of tho fundamental typo of this realm. Tho Malay conformation next claims our attention. From the heads of this race in tho Mortonian Collection, I select No. 47, as the representative of this widely-diffused and peculiar typo. " 'rho skull of the Malny" (Fig. 77), says MonroN, "presents the following chn.raotors: tho forehead is low, moderately prominent, and arched; the occiput is much compressed, and often projecting at its upper nnd lateral pn.rts; tho orbits aro oblique, oblong, and rcmn.rknbly qu1tdrn.ngulnr, tho upper and lowor ml\rgins Fig. 77. being n.lmost strn.ight n.nd parn.llcl; the nasal MALAY. bones are broad and flattened, or oven cononvo ; tho cheok-bonos aro high n.nd oxpnndod; tho jaws n.ro gren.tly projected; and tho upper jaw, together with tho teeth, is much inclined outwards, and oftoo ncnrly horizontal. Tho tooth uro by nn.turo romn.rkn.bly fino, but n.re almost uniformly filed away in front, to onnblo them to imbibe tho color of tho betel-nut, which renders them bluok and unsightly. -l'ho facial anglo is Joss than in tho Mongol and Chi nose; for the nvcrago, dorivod from n. mcasurornout of thirteen perfect skulls in my possession, giv(IS n.bout sovonty-three degrees." 270 270 Crania Americana, p. 56. |