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Show 44.0 THE MONOGENISTS AND And filially, Alfred Maury, no raw re ruit even in tho physical sciences, the a.nnlysis of which preceded his present high ~Status in tho archroologi al and ctlmographic-rcvicwing lTO'l'Z's De Gobineau, an<l PoTT's Ungleicltlteit menscltliclter Rassen,HXJ criti ally observes-" Tho constitution of tho human mind is one, without doubt; but what signiJics the mental unHy of humanity, if, in its application, men treat each other as momb rs of inimical or rival familios,-if the force of things always condemns tho ones to fall beneath tho domination of the others, and to extinguish themselves in their arms? To dispute about knowing whcth r races onstitntc different 'species,' or mol'cly 'vari eties,' is to put forth school-divinity and not cicnce. That wLich is necessary is, to m asure the extent of eparations, and h nco ascertain the proportions of those inequalities that none can deny. Tl1o name which one may give to human races will not aflect tho thing itself, nor in any way alter tho reality." "VAnws SuottON~:NSIS nit, lEM!LIUS SoAUltVS nogat: utri oroditis, quiritos ?" 101 In the faco of such objections, bcioro an archroologist can subscribe un?ond i~iOilally to the '.'unity of the human ' species,'" he ought to wmt unt1l some rovc1aLwn enables tl1oso who usc this apothegm to ~how that they really comprchonJ. the signification of u. term logically mh~rcnt. ~n ~heir pro~osition. That is to say,- adopting l1crc tho forctul.o 1f tnt? n.phor.Jsm. of a scientific coll cnguc-in I Jain English anJ. w1Lhout thplmnatte cucumlocution, when dictional'[ s furnish me with as precise a meaning for the term "species" as I can discover· ~or s.uch words as beef; or mutton/02 it will be timo cnongh for acccptmg 1ts alleged COI'Ollary, viz: the "unity" of sano·uineous or cono-c- . 1 d . . b ' b mta, ascent for all the dtvcrse U''oups of men-now distinct in c~lors~ in con~o.rmations, in languages, in geographical habit.'ttf:;, in hu;torrcat trad~twns, and in all their other countless morn.l, intellectual, and physiCal phenomena-from a mythic" Adam and Eve." "A:t the ~cry ousot we arc met by th{) question, What is a species? and srde~ wtll be. t~l~o11 according to tho answer each oJtc is r ady to adopt. ~he deli~rtwn of a species docs not necessarily inciLldc ~csecnt from a smglc pair, because tho first male [ AISlt] am1 tlJO first female [ AIS7talJ] would bv the dc:fi nition 1.0 of cl'fr' ·e t • , , J , u 1 c1 n sp - c10s, -acutely remarks Prof. llAT.DEMAN.IoJ In that whereon everybody, whether competent to decide or not volunteers au "opinion," typographical facilities ca3teris paribu; 100 Ath~nceum Franfait, Pul'is, 19 Avril 186(). P 828 101 Dv.NrLllv, Phalan't, ed. 1836; i., p,' xii.. frm~ Va;. Ar. ... 7 102 "Le mot ttt eut-~tre . . ' . ax. ~11 • • in " Richo d' Amo~r." un peu flroce' mata, &acre bleu, tl ttt tltlc~re I" -as PENGUIN says, 103 Recent Ji'mhwater .Mollutca (supra) pp. 8_4. TilE POLYGENISTS. 441 enable me to do the same; and mine, on this mystifi d term "species," as applicable to the genus homo alone, will, like that of other men, pass for what it may be worth: the critic always remembering that a definition is precise in the ratio of the fewness of its wordl:>. I submit to fcllow-archroologists- SPJWIES; that which, through conjunction with itself, always, according to experience, rcpl'Ocluccs itself. Thus, by way of example, the union of a negro with a ncgl'cs;; produces a neg,·o j that of an American Indian with a squaw produce>~ an Indian j that of a J cw (circumcision, in- or ex- elusive) with a Jcwcss pro iuoos a Jew j that of a Saxon male with a Saxon female produces a Saxon j and so forth, invariably, throughout al l tl1 families of men. In any case where tho oflspring of each chances not to be identical, in its racc-charact r, with tl1o supposed I arcnts, su9h deviation can occur only where either parent is not of pnre blood; and proves, ipso facto, that the ancestral p digr cs of ono or the othc1· procreator must, within the limit of about three to seven (or more) preceding ,e:cn rations, have been crossed by a foreign stock. Indeed, I do not sec why the first definition of Prichard docs not cireumsct·ibo all tho above examples. It is that o-i von in the second cdition,101 1826, of his erudite works; whieh diilcrs, not merely through tho on tire al:1scncc of this lucid mlc in the first, 105 1 13; but also eRsentially f1·om the one laid d wn at a later period, 1837, in the third. tuG Prichard's capacious mind, like that of all conscientious inquircr·s, was progressive; and tl10sc who really know th vat·ious editions of his "ltcscarchcs," cannot fail to admire how quicl·ly ho dropped one hypothesis after anothcl', until his last volnmo closcf:l with a complete abandonment of tho unity of Genesis itsolf.'07 ]t is p1·obablc that his biographer, Dr. Cull, is as little acquainted with these bibliophile discrepancies, as with ethnological cri tiei m gcnorally-- liobrcw palroography iuclusivo.108 I richard printed in A. I>. 1826: "Tho meaning attached to the term S1 ccics [almost itlcntical wilh 10< Reaeat·cltea into the Physical Jliatory of ill an, London, 2d edition, 8vo, 1820; vol. I, pp. 90-1. JOG Op. cit., 1Rt edition, J,ondon, 8vo, 1813 -nolhing of the kind! JOG Op. cit., 8d edition, London, 8vo, 1837; vol. II, p. 106:- oitc<l at length in "Ty]>OS of 1\Innkincl," p. 80. 107 J'hyaical History of Mankind, 8vo, London, 1847; vel. V, pp. 600-66. 108 NotuuA's edition of Pl'ichard's Nat1mtl lfinory of Af a11; London, B~illiero, 1864; vol. T, pp. xxi-ix:-"Short biogrnphicoJ Notioe," by RIOIIAt\0 Cu1.L, ERQ., "llonorory Seoreln ry." How correctly ho reads English, mny bo inferred from his ori tique of Agnssiz's p~pet· ( Addreaa to tl1e Btlmological Society of London, Mny, 1864; J,ondon, 8vo, pp. 12-13.); whm·o ho substitutes "6. Tho Hottentot realm," (p. 8) for" Hottentot jarma" (compl\ro "'l'ypos of 1\iaukind," p. lxxvii). |