Indigenous Races of the Earth

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2 4 THE CllANIAL CTIARACTERISTICS whil t-ho fourth, or Afrieo-Asiatic, extends along tho souLlto1·n shore of th M dit t'l'iLII an into Asia, as far cast as Aftgltani tau, and is occupi d by th expansive mitic family. A closet· and more •riti­cal xamination of tlJCsc four divisions comr ls us to r ogniso for each a numb '1' of' minot· areas or limit d distriets, which, while they boar to each other a general family likeness, arc also charact rizod by floral and faunal pecnliariti s, iu harmony with certain cranial distin ·tiona about to be notic cl. When to th' in ·r asino· number of naturally snb-typica] forms are add d tho innumerable l1yhrid. Vltl'iotics r sulting from the extensive migrations and end] RS intcl'lnixtnros which, fr m romot Limo , have be n going on in this r gion, it b com s ovid nt tltat any attempt at a stwcossful g01tomlization of those forms mu. t nee Rsarily be at­tended with much difliculty. To grasp tho id a o(' a European typo is ono thing; to sol ct fr m a numb r of skulls one whiclt shall ern body tho essentials of this idea, so as to serve for a standard, is quito another. In tho consideration of European typos, I comm nco with tho Finns. Attempts have been made to associate tho Ugrinn family, in point of origin, with the nomadic races of Central Asia. But historically, no proof can be adduced that they ov r dwelt as a body upon tho plateaux of this lntter r gion. 'l'hey arc not true n mades; and, as far as I oM learn, diflct· in physical characters fi·om thoie neighbors. Tho ouly support to tho opiniou is a certain aflinity of language. An ·iontly tho Ugrian a~·ea oxtoncled ft·om tho Baltic into Trans­Uralian Siberia. The woHtcm extremity ponotmted Enropo, and was inl1aoitcd by tho True )!"'inns, whoso relation to tho Lnpps I have alt·eady bri fly allud d to. Tbo eastern extremity mainly compri eel th • Ugrians or Jugorians. Hotwoon the two dw lt the Tchudro proper. LA'l'HAM is dispo od to bring tbc amoi J.es, Y onnisoians, anJ. Yukahiri into tbis n.r a, thus arryino- tho UO'rians nearly to lllt 'ring's 'trn.it, and almost in contact with tho Eskimo_HI.'l Ana­tomi ·al chara.utors not to b slight d, not to be explained away, aro, however, against tlto attempt. 'l'ln·ough t.lte kindness of Prof. RErztus, of Stockholm, tl10 Mor­tonian colic tion has hoon lat ly increased by the addition of nino specimens of tho true Finnic stock. Of those heads, I find the largest intemal capacity is 11 2·5, tlJO small st 81·5, and tho moan, 95·3 cubic inches. :B,rom an examination of those skull!:>, th f llowing brief d's ription is derived: The regularly dovolopoJ. head has a square or 105 Tho Nt~o~nn l~mpirc. By~th~m, M. D:&c., boing vol. if. of tho Etlmogrttphical Libmry, conducted by E. Norris, Esq. London, 1864, pp. 12, 18. OF TTIE RACES OF MEN. somewhat angularly round appear- Fig. 21. ance. Tho ant ro-postorior dia­meter being comparatively short, lt falls within tho brachy-c pl1alic class of Rott~ius. Th for l1oad is broad, though loss expansive than in tho true 0 rman ic race. This frontal br adtlt, tho lat ral expan­sion of tho pariotalia, and tho :flat­ness of the os occi pi ti. , gi vo to tho coronal regiou, wh n view d por-pcndi ulal'ly, a square, or rather , 1537 ) slightly obloug appearance. 'I, he FINN ( • 285 face if! loug rand IoRI:! broad than in tl1o Mongolian ]Ieacl, wl1ilo tl1 lower jaw is Jarg r, ancl tho chin more prominent. II nco, tho lower part of tlJO face is aclvancod, somowl1at in tho manner of tho S ·]a­vonian face. l'lto wltole head is rather massive and rude in struc­ture, tho bony promin noes being strongly charact rizocl, and the sutnros well deft nod. 'l'be general confignration of tho lt ad is ]~uropcan, hearing certain rosomblancos, liOwovcr, to tho Mongolian on tlJO one hand, ancl tho Sclavonian on tho other. I have all' acly alluded to tho gr at diversity oC opinion relative to the a(Hliations oftlto Finns, and th position to wl1ich they should be assign din ethnic cla~;sification. MAum-BltUN distingni h s tlH'm fi·om both the clavonians and Germans, but associates them wit11 tho Lapps.100 J>JNKIUlTON coincides in tltis view, but is inclined to cousidcr tho ]~apps a peculiar varioty.1()7 BullDACJI class R the Finns with the clavos and Lapp .)()8 BonY DE 'l'. VrNCJo:N'l' con. siders tho J~apps, Samoicdos, ancl T hnktchi as IIyperboroans, and recogniz s in tho Finns a variety of the Sclavonic raco. 169 Hu IWTi t'O"'ards tho Ji'inns as a distinct people, diH'cring from. both the Euro· po~n and Mongolian :famili s. 170 "'l'he Fin organization," ':rite! LA'l'ITAM, "has g nerally been recognized as Mongol- thongh M ll· gol of tho modified kind." 171 Tho original identity of th Jj'imte and Lapps has boon argued from certain lin~uistic afT~niti~s between tho two races. PniCHAltD considers tho OVldOllCO of thOil' OllAH.ll.· 100 System of UnivcrRal Geography. Edinburgh, 1827. Vol. VI. p. 75. 107 Moclern GOOgl'Uphy. Philadelpbit\, 1804, Vol. r. pp. a83, 404. WALOKF.NAl'lR, the Pronch translator and etlitor of thi~ work, <lraws a stt-ong line of distinction between tho Finns and Lapps. Ofographie Afodcrne. Paris, 1804, t. 8~me, p. 258, note. 168 Dor Mensch, citod by llu ole. 169 L'J!ommo, Essai Zoologiquo sur le Gem·e JIUJn~inc. 8e edit., t. 1. 110 De Craniis Estonum, p. 11. Ill Native Races of the ltussian Empii'C, p. 72.