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Show 446 TITE :MONOGENlSTS AND a New Zealande1·,-or between a Botoeuclo and a Tasmanian, a Mantcltott Tarta1·, a Lapp, a Beclwttana, or perchance a J(elt? In ovcr·y one of these imaginary, and, anciently, rr ogrnphically-irnpoAsiblo unions, each fecund net of coition could produce hut a "half-breed;" intermediate, that is, between any two races. One fools ashamed, now that transformation of one "species" of animal into another throngh the exploded power of metamorphosis, in former days of ignorance attributed to climate, is rejected, as contrary to oxpcri nco, by all living naturalists (even tho th ological)-one really blusl1es to descend to such common-place m thode of i llustratiou; but tbo necessity is imperious in view of tho amount of perversion and mcdiroval credulity still passing currently as regards tlro study of Man. and when BWMENDACIT110 and Ism. GEOFFROY ST. !IJL.AntE/:)0 BunDACU121 and LuoAS,122 B~RARD1211 and Gmou DE BuzAmu GUE~;, 12" W ALKER125 and CrmvmmrL, 120 Fr.ouRENS127 and MoRTON, 1 ~ VoGT120 and PRIAULx,130 pile up instances (among mammi~ ra alone), whereby the so-called laws of "species," and often too of" g nora," arc set at naught by contradictory facts, is it not f, lly in cthnolorrists to go on wastinrr tlrcir time about the encycloprodic meaning f an Anglicized foreign bisyllablc, which every true naturalist of the present day is fol'c d to qualify with explanatory adjectives, according to his individual acceptation of its sense? Voltaire pithily remarks -"Co qu'on pout cxpliqucr do vingt manieres diftcr lltcs nc m6rito d'@tre cxpliqu.6 d'aucune :"-and for mys If, I have long two discard d its usc in cthnography,-suLstitutiug "Type" wlr n I intend to d signate men whoso physical appearance stands in ALrongost contrast to that of others (ex. gr. Swedes and Ncgritos, Cl1aymas aud Georgians, Rourilians and Mandaras, Ta!tians and Yakuts); or "Race" where the distinction is not so strongly charactcriz <1 (as between Italians and Greeks, Jews and Arabs, Malgachcs aocl Ma-m De Gmeris Ilumani varietate nativa, 1781; pp. 7-11. 120 Uistoire glll6rale et particuli~re det Anomalies de l' OrganiMtion, Paris, 1882; i. pp. 221-6. 111 'J1raitt de l'hy8iologis, tmd. Jourdan, P1tds; 2d vol. 1888, pp. 182-5, 261-70. m 1'raiM pltiloRophique etphysiologique de l'Ue1·6diM Naturellc, Paris, 1817; i. pp. 198-209; ii. pp. 177-829. 1211 Oours de Physiologic, Paris, 1850-55. 121 De la Generation, Pnris, 8vo., 1828; pp. 124-132, 807-8. 126 On l11termarriage, London, 8vo. 1888 ;-o.nd l>!tytiognomy founded on Physiology, 1834. 12G Jo~trnal du Savants, Juin, 1846; p. 857. 121 De la Longtvitl Ilumai11e, Paris, 1855; pp. 106-1!11. ne NoTT, in TtJpet of Mankind, chnp. xii. and p. 724, notes, cites nil important papers of Dr. Morton. ::CAuL You-r, lloltlerglaube und Wisscnscltaft, Wieason, 1855; pp. 59-67. OsMON.D DE llJ1Auvout PnrAur.x, Qua!stiones }fotaicm, London, 1842-on "breeding in n~d m," pp. 171-88. i'HE POLYGENISTS. 447 lays); 131 but in no case do I afnrm by employment of such terms, whilst in most cases doubtinrr, with tho illustrious ITumboldts, the common pcdigr of any two of such types, or races, back to a mythic single pair called" Adam and Eve." "Jlonco, then," I ace pt Marcel de Serres's rule, disputing only the accmacy of the facts through which he would endeavor to eliminate mankind from its actiou- "generation ought, it seems, to be consider <1 as tho type of species, and tho only foundation upon which it can be established in a certain and rational manner :" 132 guarding it with tho language of tho learn d Colonel Hamilton Smith,133 viz: -that, "if no better al'gumcnt, or more decisive !act can be a<lduccd, than that axiom which declares, that 'fertile off~pring constitute tho proof of identity of species,' we may be p rmittcd to reply, that as this maxim docs not repose upon unexceptionable facts, it deserves to be hold solely in tho light of a criterion, mo1·e convenient in systematia classification than absoltttely correct." Should these views meet with favor among fi llow-stuclonts in the Mortonian school of ethnology, it will become (save and except ior their always m ritorious collection of (hcts) almost a work of supererogation to inquire what in<lividual of former sustaincrs of the "unity of the human species" deserves to be classiiicd un<lcr tho lett l' B. Thus Campor,131 Laccpede,LJ,r, Lcsson,'30 or Gri:ffith,m-cach a mastor in mammalorry, witbout reference to their copyists innumerable, -arc maintainors of human unity of species on zoological grounds; as arc likewise Walchnacr/38 liallor,130 l'itta, 110 Wagncr,H1 Bakkor,t~2 13l Sec Dr.ANOHAIW, in DUMOU'I'JNit's Antltropologie, 1'11ris, 1854, pp. 18-9. 182 Euai wr lea Cavernes cl Oucmmls, Paris, 8vo., Bel cd., 1888; pp. 284, 2!18, 808. 1113 Natural History of the lfmnan Species; Edinburgh, 12mo., 1848; p. 21 :-compare DESMOUL! NS (Races Ilumaines, pp. 194-7), for certain limits of this law of gonorntion. m CEuvres de Pierre Camper qui 0111 pour obfet l' Jlistoire Naturelle, la Physiologic et l'AIIatomie comparee, Pnris, 8vo., l 808; i i. p. 453. 1M llistoire Naturelle de l'llomme, P~Ll'is, l8mo., 1821; p. 188. 193 Zoologic, Paris, 1826, 4to.; i. p. 84-in DuPtmrn:y, Voy. de la Ooquillc, 1822-5: nlso, Ibid. Races llumaines, in OompUment des (/i)tlvrea de BuJT011, Pnria, 1828; i. p. 44. 137 Trn.n alt~tion of Cuvum's Animal Ki.n[Jdom, London, tfto., 1827; i. Introd. p. xi.; nnd "Supplcmontn.l History of Mtm," p. 178, seq. 13B P:stai 8UT l'ltistoirc a. l'.lilsp~cc IIUmaine, Pn.ria, 8vo., 1798, p. 10;-nnd Ootmologie, ou Description ger16ratc dr ta Terre, Pnria, 8vo. 1816; pp. 150-61. 139 Elem. Physiol., p. vii. lib. xxviii. ~ xxii. 140 Injluellce of Otimate 011 the Duman Species and on tlte varietiet of Man ariting f1·om it, J,ondon, 8vo., 1812; p. 16. W N<lturgesclticlttl du llfentclten Dat1dbuch der pop11laren antltropologie, llomptcn, 8vo., 1881 j ii. pp. 823-248. 142 Na/!lur-tll GeJckicdktmdig Onderzoek aa11gaande dc11 Oorapronkwlijke11 atam van !let Afe71- 8clteti.fk Gutacllt, IIaarlcm, 8vo., 1810, p. 170. |