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Show 298 TilE CRANIAL CliAHAC1'ERIS1'ICS being about four-tenths of an inch in thiclwcss, and tho frontal bono, m·ouud tho omincncos, not loss than ht\lf an inch. Tho skull is of largo capacity, and is rcnmrkllblo for its length in proportion to its breadth, belonging decidedly to the dolicho-cepho.lio class of Hetzius. The form is slightly deficient in symmetry. 1'ho forohca'l is nun·ow, contracted, and rathct· receding, but not low; a sort of central ridge is to bo traced tdong tho summit of tho cmuium, which is most marked in front of tho coronal suture, nnd fulls away to a clocidcdly flat sudhco above each temporal ridge. Tho very pyramid!tl aspect thus given to tho front view of tho skull, is well shown in our figure. 1'bo parietal tubers arc modorntcly prominent. 1'ho occiput is full, prominent nnd rounded, and presents n strongly-m~trkod tmusvorso L'idgo. 1'ho squamous UJl(J.mastoid portions of tho temporal bonos aro mtltor small; tho external auditory openings arc situated further than usual within tho posterior hnlf of tho skull. Tho f1·ontt1l sinuses arc very mtnkod, and tho glabella moderately prominent; ' tho nttsnl bonos, of moderato size, project rather o.bruptly. 1'ho inscrtious of the muscles of mo.stiClltion arc strongly marked, but neither tho upper nor lower jo.w is so Iorge, rugged, or angulo.r ns is often tho cnso iil skulls from ancient British tumuli. 1'ho m~tlar bonos nrc rather small, and tho zygomata, though long, aro not prtl'ticularly prominent. 1'1to rtscouding branch of tho lower jaw forms o. aomowh11t obtuse angle with tho body of that bono; t!Jo chin is poorly developed; tho alveolar processes arc short and srrmll. In both jttws, most of the incisor and canine tooth aro warning, but have oviuontly frtllen out since uonth. 1'ho molars o.nd sovoml of tho bicuspids remain in thei1· so~kots. All tho tooth llro r cnmrlmbly worn down, r111d tho molars, especially those of tho lower jnw, l1avo nlmost entirely lost their ct·owns; indeed, o.s respects tho lower first molar·s, nothing but the fangs romnin, round which abscesses hod formed, loading to abs01·ption nnd tho fol'lnution of cavities in tho alvoolnr process. 1'ho worn surfncos of tho tooth arc not flat nncl horizontal, but slope away obliquely, from without inwards, thoro being some tendency to concavity in tho surfaces of tho lower, and to convexity in those of tho upper tooth. 1'ho former arc mor·o worn on tbe outer, tho latter on the inner oclgo. Altogether, tho condition is such LLS we mu t llttributo to n rude people, subsisting in g1·cat measure on tho products of tho chase and other nnimal food-ill-provided with implements for its divi sion, and bestowing little cnro on its preparation- ruth I' th~tn to an n.gricnltuml tribe, living chiefly on corn nn<l fruits. Such, we have reason to boliovo, was tho condition of tho enrly Dritish tl'ibcs. Joo ~'ho stnto of those, nt least, contmsta clcci<ln{lly with thnt observe<! in Anglo-Saxon or11nin, in which, though the crowns of tho tooth nrc often much reduced by attrition, tho worn surfaces ure, for tho moat part, remarkably horizontal." In the same work, the reader will :find a well-exeented lithograph of an Anglo-Saxon skull, which Dr. TnunNAM is inclined to consider as belonging to the "lower rather than the upper rank of West Saxon settlers." "1'ho gonernl form of tho skull, viewed vcrtionlly," says Dr. 1'., "is nn irregular longthonod oval, so that it belongs to tho dolicho-ocphalic class, but is not L\ woll-m11rkou example of that form.. 'l'he gonel'lll outline is smooth and gently undulllting; tho forehead is poorly devolopod, boLng narrow, 11nd but mo<leratoly elevated. l'l1e pn.riottLI ominenccs nrc tolerably full and prominent. Tho tompor!ll bonos, and ospocinlly tho mastoid processes, nrc small. Tho occipital bone is fnll and rounded, and has a oonsiclernblo projection posteriorly. 1'hc frontal sinuses nrc slightly marked; tho nasal bones smnll, nan·ow, and but little room·vod. 'rho bonos of tho face aro small, tho malar bonos slightly prominent. Tho nlveolnr processes 1~ Coosar's words are, "Intoriorea ploriquo frumcntn non sorunt, sed l~tcto ot 6arno vivunt r.olh~usque aunt ~~stiti." Lib. V., o. 14. Two or three centu1·ios )!Iter, according to Dio~ ( !IRSms, tho oond1hon of the northern Britons WLLS similar; the Caledonians 11ncl Montoo h1td still no ploughed lands, but lived by pnsturngo and tho chase. Xipbilon, lib. xxv., 0 • 12. OF TIIE RACES OF MEN. 2!)!) of tho superior maxillary bonos (premaxillariM) nrc prominent, !Inc! dovi!lto so considombly from tho upright form, as to place tho skull mthor in tho prognt1Lhio than tho orthognl\thic class. 1'he l'llmus of tho lower jaw forms nn obtuse anglo with tho body of this bono. 'l'ho chin is modomtoly full--." The so-called Anglo-Saxon race-a term which, for several reasons, ought to be discarded from ethnological nomenclature-is represented in tho Mortonian collection by four skulls. No. 80-thc skull of an English convict, named Gwillym,- belongs to tho dolicho-ccphalie form, but is not strictly oval, being flattened po teriorly. ln general configuration, it resembles the Northern or Gothic style of h ad. The face bears tho Finnic stamp. No. 530-tho skull of James Moran, an Englishman, exocut d at Philadelphia for piracy and murder-is long, flat on the top, and broad between the parietal bonos. 1'he posterior portion of tho occiput is prominent, tho basal surface is flat. 1'ho face resembles that of Nos. 1063 and 1064- Gormans of Tubingon-whilc the calvaria approaches, in iii! general outliue, tho kumbe-kepbalic form above all u<lod to. No. DDl- all Eno-lish soldier- belongs decidedly to the Cimbric typo, briefly referred to on p. 291. No. 59-the skull of Pierce, a convict and canuibal- islong and strictly oval. It rosombl s th Oimbric type. The Anglo-American Race- another very o~jectionablo term, which, as applied to our heterogeneous 1 opulation, moans ov 1·ything and nothi11g- has but eight r prcscntativos in Morton's collection. Nos. 7 and 98 possess tho angularly-round Germanic form. No. 24. -a woman, rotat. 26 years- is intermediate in form between tho Gorman and Swedish typos. No. 552-a man, rotat. 30 yearsresembles tho Norwegian described on page 290. No. 889-a man, rotat. 40 years-resembles 552 in tho shape of the calvaria, but bas a smaller face and loss massive lower jaw. No. 110 -a malo sknllbears tho Northern or Gothic form; the face resembles that of the Tubingen Germa.ns.101 The Anglo-Saxon race, according to MoRTON, differs from tho Teutonic in having a loss spheroidal and more decidedly oval cranium. "I h~tvo not hitherto exerted myself to obtain cmnia of tho Anglo-Saxon moo, cxcopt iu tho instance of indivi<ltmls who ltnvo boon sigrmlizod by th ir crimes; nnd this uumbor iH too srn!lll to bo of much importance in n generalization like the present. Yot, since those skulls h11vo boon procured without nny reforouco to thoir size, it is rcmndtablo thnt five give !IU nvomgo of !)(I cubic inches for tho bulk of tho brrtin; tho srunllcst ltoll<l mcllsul'ing lll, unci tho largest 105 cubic inches. It is nocossnry, however, to observe, that those aro nll malo crnni1t; but, on tho other hand, tltoy pertained to tho lowest olnss of society; nn<l three of thorn died on tho gnllows for tho c_r_im_o_o_r_,_n_u~_·d_o_r._" ____ _ -;I In arranging the JIIC01·toninn collection, I hllvo excluded from tho Anglo-Sltxons the skull of a lun!ltic En~liHhnmn (No. G2); !lnd from tho Anglo-Amcric!lnH, severn! ~k ulls of lulllltics, idiots, children, hydrocephalic cnsos, &o. 1'his rulo has boon adopted throughout tho wholo collection. |