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Show , I i 2G2 TIJE CRANIAL CHAHAC'l'EHlSTIOS wards to a promin nee in tho middle of tho intcr-pal'iotal tmtm·o, i't'Om which point it is rounded oft' posteriorly. Tho face fol'ms a broad oval; tho ot·bits arc lat·n·c, deep, and hav their transv rso axes at right angl s with th median line of tho fa o. 'J'ho malar bones, though large, arc n ithcr so prominent nor high as in Ll1o lCHkimo. They a.ro lu.t mlly compress d, more t·oundcd, and loss flal'od out at their inf rior margin than in tl1 Polal' man. 'J'ho ant rior nat'c. :we flat and smooth, and tho alveolar ar ·h somewhat mOI'O prominent than in the typical .l£Hkimo, as is shown by comparing them by tho norma verticalis. Upon examining tho baais cranii, wo obAcrvc, at once, the globular fulncss of th occipital r gion, nnd :tJJ alteration in tho general configuration of tho bas , as compared with tl111.t of our Arctic standard. Tho crt·catcst br adth is not confin d to tho zygolllat.ic rocrion, for Jines drawn ii·om th most prominent p int of tho .i'.ygomro to tho most pt·omin nt point of tho mastoid pt· ·csA, on oithct· side, nrc parallel to each other. Did space permit, othct· distinctions conld r n,dily bo pointed out. ll'rom this des ri!Jtion, couplocl with tho foregoing stat rnonts it will bo soon that th ICmntskaLkans aro oi thor a dil:!ti net people, oc~upying tho gap or transitionary ground botw on the I obr Lriu sand the Mo11gols; or, th y ar the hybl'id results or an iut rmixtur of those. two gr at rrroups; or, JinnJiy, and to this opinion I inclin , th y const1tuto th crrcat Ht divcrg ncy of which tl1c true Arcti · t.yp is enpablo. 'l'hc cast above dcHcribccl being that of a fomal ', and t}10 only OliO, lllOl'OOVOl', to wlJiCJJ I can ouLain ac css, I am. Ullnbl to urriv at any more d finite conclt1sion. Of th sl nllr:; of tho Yukngiri, an ob cure and very littl known race, dw lling to tho westward of the Koriaks, Morton's c lloction unfol'tumttoly, contains not a single spccim n; nor can !find th·aw~ ings of them in any of the many wol'l<s which I have consulted. Acc<)f'(lincr t~ Pl'iclt~rd, as. a pur r~cc they arc now all xtinct, luwing hocn oxtcnnmatod 111 th II' wars wtth tho T huktehi and Koriuks.'2' Bxtonding along th ell t•loss banks or th T... lla rr·om th hordct'S of tho l.J'ro:t:on Ocean as fur south as Alden, and o cn~ying th country botwoon tlro Kolyma andY nnisei, wo find tho Yakuts or" isolntod 'J'url s," as Latham styles them, a people who, althougl1 surrounded by lJyporboroans, contrast rom:wkably with tho ]aLL r in la11 crnacro ;-ivi l iza~ion, and p~lJSi al conformation. Those pcopl constit·71tc c;,1~ mt r sLtng s~L:rly for .tho cmn ioscopist. They arc described a. a paston~! race, of mduatn us and a ·cumuln.tivo habits, and manifcsLinoa l11glt ,. clocq·. o(' :ivilizatioll than their i •hthyopl1ag us 'l'ungusia~ and Yukagyrtnu nOlcrhhot·s. In onsonanco with thi~:~ higher condi-m Op. cit., p. 228. OF TTIE RACES OF MEN. 2G; tion, the skull, as shown in Tab. V. of tho JJecades, differs decidedly fl'om the prevailing pyramidal form of this r gion. Tho rcaclor will at once obs rvc, npon rofol'rincr to that table, tho nearly square contour of tho bead, approximaLing the Mongolian typo, presently to be roprcscnLocl, th large and widely separated orbits, tho full and promi nont glab lla, the ossa nasi narrow and curving to a point above, and Lho pat·iotal bonos projecting later::dly. Tl1o descriptions given by Gmelin ancl Erman of tl1o Yakuts arc, to some extent, coniirmatol'y of th characters above indicated. Tho present J' markablo locality of the Yakuts is undoubtedly HOt th ir ori tinal homo. TJJCir language is Turkish-intelligible in Constantinople- and th ir traditions, unlike those of their Arctic neighbors, point to th ouLh. They afford a singular example of" a weak section of tho human race pressed into an inhospitable climate by a stroncr r one." 122 Diflicultios of classift •aLion lHwo been raised npon c rtain slight physical resemblances b tween tho Yakuts and tlto HlllTOUtHiing tribes. These roHemblancos may bo regarded as tho indirect results of tho great Mongolic xpansion, w],icll, while it Cl'owdod tho main body of the TurkiAh poJ. ulation to tho Soulh, allowed a smn,ll portion to escape to tho N orth-JDnHt, in tho inhoApitablc region of the Lena, wb ro, inLcrmatTiago, to som extent, soon iol lowed. W may r ad.ily suppose tltat, in conscqn nee of tho J1Umcrical pl'cdominancc of tho aboriginal inhauitants of those recrions over Lho now comers, tho int rmixtut· result d in the Jatt r assumiug, to a c rtain extent, somo of tlto physical characters of tho :former. But th Iangungo of tho Yal utFJ, boincr more porioct U.u:m that of the Jndig we, has rMintaincd its supr· mncy. Upon tho mountainous tra t, comprised between tho Yonnesoi H.ivor and tho Okllotsl a in one direction, and tho Arctic Ocean and Ald. n Mountains in the otltor, we encounter an intcrcstiug I coplo, ropr Rout 'd by th Tongn in tho orth and tho I ... amutos in the East. Th y post:~ sa a pc ·ulin.r language, anfl, anLcrior to tho Flixtoonth · ntury, appear to have boon a poworfnl race. In l1is physical cl scription of tl1 Tungusians, J>HJ.AS says that thoi1· faces nl'o flatter anU. broader tlHtn tl1 Mongolian, all(] mo1·o allied Lo L110 ~·amoiodeH, who lio to tho west of thornY-1 In l1it:~ Table XVI., Br.uMBNTIACH l'Cprosonts tho cranium of a Northoru orR •iJlCieor Tnngus. 'J'houglt tllO cham ·t l'istic urcadth Of face bolow (.lJo oy Sis prOSOI'VCd, and with it, thOl·cuy, th Joz 'ng -shaped faco, yet tlr general form of tho b ad bas und r·crono some modification. Br.UMNNDA.Cll very briefly dcscriucs Lhis h ad. in the following terms: m J.nthnm, Vnriotics of Man, p. 96. 128 Voyngcs en divorHCB Proviuco~, '1'. 6 . • |