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Show 442 TIIE MONOGENISTS AND LACORDI~RE's in his Entomologie ], in natural history, is very simple and obvious. It includes only one circum tancc, namely, an original distinetivcn ss and constant transmission of any chnract r. A raco of animal , or plants, marked by any peculiarity of strnclurc, which have always been constant and undeviating, constitutes a ryecies; and two races arc considered as specifically diil'orent, if tl1 ey aro distinguished from each other by some peculiarities, wlli ·h 0110 cannot be suppo cd to have acquired, or tho other to luwo lost, tl1rough any known operation of physical causes: for we are led to conclude, that the tribe thus distinguished cannot have sprnnrr from the same original stock." It no d hardly be repeated that the learned etl111ographer endeavors to show the inappli ability, owing to deviations, of this law to Man. My studi s l ad. me to tho opposite opinion, exemplified in the instances above enumerated. Su ·h simple prin iplcs arc notorious to dog-fan ·icrs, cattlebrccdcl's, or poulLry-mon; and arc practised by them with unerring p cuuiary success, in the rearing of animals, quadruped. or biped. It is but a superstition that imagines roaukind not to bo bound by the same natural law. Und r this sclf-cvi<lcnt rule, some echola tic confn ion of ideas may b dispo cd of tlnough a few intorrogatori s. IJ~ by "species" nrc meant boin~s of the same (equally-conventional word) genus, whoso sexual muon produces ofr~pring, mankind. fall into that class unqu stionably; with dogs, sheep, goats, and othct· man11nals suscc? til>lo of domestication ;109 but what living naturalist, of 1·oputo, at thts year 1 57, any longer classifi s all tho caneR, all the oves, or all ~he cal'!rx, each into a single "species?" lf hybridiiy, in any of 1ts various and as yet unsettled degrees, be considered a test of '.'species" - 1 i. e. :he production of progeny more or 1 'RS unproli£i.c mter se-t 1011, m Australia,110 a native fcmal of the ahoricrinal s~ock cease , aftc~ cob~bitation with an English colon !st, to b proCicatc u~ on rcumon wtlh a male autocllthon of her own race: -then, w Van Dicmcn's Land, before tho deportation of its few (only 210) remaining aborigines, in 1835 to JJ'lindcr's ]sbnu Bass's S·~ tt ·a t..ts , 111 oven a. con:•w t P?P~tlat•J On of' athletic and unscn1' pulous English males fatlod, m thcll' mtorcourse with Tasmanian females, 109 MOil TON, llybridity in Animal& and Plant&, New Hn von, 18-17; p. 23. _Tho cgagre is ~owovor, ro~uto~ to bo lhe father of all gon.ls; tho moujlon, th 11t of n.ll sheep; lho N<'po.ulos~ ~an&ul ~a~~ prtmmvu&) tho.t_ of o.ll dogs; just n.s Adam tho.t of all lllt\nkind; nccording to o.rco o erros ( Ootmogontt dt ltfo'ise, I, pp. 307-22). 8v~o ~~::~LIWKI, P!iy~icat dttcription ~(New South lVale.l and Van Diemen'& J,and, TJOlldon, 11 ' 1 'pp. 846-7:-JAOQUINOT, Zoologic, U, p. 100:- Kl'iOX, RactUt, p. 190. 4.0 ·-~~Y et GAJ~lAun, Voy. cle l'Attrolabc, 1820-9; Zoologic, Po.l"is, 8vo, 1880; I, p. · M.nrus ll Ilut.oY, Des Racrs Ilumainc&, ] 845; p. 180. TJIE POLYGENISTS. 443 not merely to produce an intermediate race, but to leave more than one or two adult specimens of their repugnant unions; nor aro thoro reports either of ltyb1·ids, rcsuliinrr from tho mixture of Europeans with the Andamancs of the bay of Bcngal:-th n, in the ultra-tropical parts of America, as w ll as in its southern or tropical tatcs, mulattoes, produced by intercourse between exotic Europeans of the white race, with equally-exotic Afri<;an females of the black, clio out, unless recrossed by one or oth t' of tho parental sto ·ks, in thl'cc or four generations :112 - then, in Egypt, the Mcmlooks, or "Ghnz," originally male sln.vcs113 of the Uzbck, On:igour and Mongol races, and afterwards kept up by inc sant importations of :E\ll'opcan, Turkish, Circassian, and other white boys (intermixed with negro slaves), were not only unable to rear half-caste children to recruit their squadrons;- bllt, whilst their blood-stains arc scarcely yet obliterated on tho battlements of the Cairinc-Citadcl since their slanght01· in 1811, not a trace survives of their promiscuous philogamy among the Fellah population of the Nile: -then, in Algeria, the Mo ri h (Mau1·i), or Maurcsquc11 ' 1 inhabitants of seaboard cities, [in a climate which, except in d I rcsscd agricultural localities (where tho Moors do not r sicl ), is like tl1at of southern Spain] unstr ngthcncd (as of yore iu the piratical days when Christian captives of all sha<los, and ncgw prisoners of every hue, thronged their slavebazaar ) by the p I'potm1l inflnx of now and vigorous blood,- arc dyinrr off tLt a fearful rate115 through the incxoral>lo laws of hyhriclity; at the same time that, after twenty-five years of experimental agri-m NO'l"l', Nat11ral lll8t. of the Caucasian and Neg1·o Races, i\lobile, 18tJ4 ; pp. 10-7, 19, 28, 30-5 :-Biblical and Physical 1/i.!l. of Jlfuu; N w York, 1840; pp. 80-47. 113 Kr.AJ•no:ru, J'ablcaux de I' A.1ic, Pnris, 1826, pp. 121-2. EnN KuAr,wooN, Iliatoire dtl Berb ~rea et des Dynasties Jlflwtlman ea de l'Afrique SPplcntrionale, 1'mnsl. do Slnno, Alger, 1851 , II, p. 40- nnd No to from QuATlU;Mj::m; ( Jl!lm. sur t' Bggptc, 11, p. 850). lH CAtlWI'TE, Exploration Scientijiquc de t' A lg6rie, 1840-2, P11ris, 1833; III, pp. 306-10, for intermixture of Rn.ccs, &c. PASCAt-DurttAT, Nssai lfistorique au1· les Races ancienne& tl modemes de t'Afrique SPptenlrionalc, Po.ris, 184 5; pp. 217, 240-64 :-but the best definition of tho vn.ried inho.biln.nts of that pat·t of 13arblll"Y mn.y bo soon in RozET (Voyage dant la RcgencP d' Alge1·, Pn.ris, 1838), who, nmong lho "sept vuriolos d'hornmes bien distinctos los unes des n.utros; los Berb~res, l os Jlf<Iure&, los 11~grcs, los Arabes, los Tt1rcs ot los Koulouglis," clcn.J"ly slrikes out tho mixed populace of Ale~urea (Moo•·s): nud proves, as wo11 tl•cit· hybridity, n.s the misconceptions (Shn.kspon.ro's Othello to wit) provnlont nbout tl1 oir no.mo "Moor" (11, pp. 1-8, 51-2). On tbo opposite side, consult llBRTIJEIIAND, Jlftfdecine tt Jiygi~ne des Arabes, Ptlris, 1865 ; pp. 1 7 4, 550. m 13ouuJN, Ilistoh·e S1atistique de la colonisatio11 ct de Ia Population en Algerie, Puris, 1858; pp. 5, :!1, 80:-Soo n.lso KNox (Races of Mm, pp. 107-210), who n.cknowlodgos that ho derives his informt\tion f•·om n. former publicntion of lho highest authority in th<'sc quostioH S, my honored friend, M. lc Dr. Doudin, Modocin on Chef do l'Uopital Militniro du Roule, l'n.l"is (l,e/lrea sur l'Alg61"ie, I 848). I tLwnit with great cxpectntions, l11wing seen some of its p•·oof-shcots 11t Ptu·is, Dr. Doudin'A Trait6 de Statistique et de G6ographie m6dicale1 (now "so us pt·esso cltoz Bail1iol'o"), for oomplolc cstJtblishmont of nil those po ~ itions. |