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Show III' 306 THE CRANIAL CllAUACTERISTICS dim recollections of the Turk, the rrartar, and tho Finn. In. this region-the debatable ground upon which, from very remote peno<ls, th clavonian and tho German have overlapped and blondcd,-ho ncounters hero and there certain transiLiouary forms, which prepare him for a lmngo of typo. Once beyond tho Vistnla and tho Carpathians, in tho country of tho Wend, tho lovack, and tho .Magyat·, ho is calle<l upon to study a form of head, whose geograp~uca~ ar~a ~ Sa1·matia of tho classical writers- ox tends from tho r g10n JUSt mdlcated into central Asia, having tho Great Uwalli for its northcm, and tho Bnxino en. and trib s of tho Caucasus for its southem bouudary. Th dawn of history r veals tbitl extensive tract occupied, as at tho pr sent day, by the Sclavonians, a great family, whom.an able writer in tho Nortlt Britislt Review, for August, 1849, cons1d l'S to be as much an aboriginal race of l£astorn, as tho Gormaus arc of Central Europe. According to PnrorrARD, this great people, who appear to bo an aboriginal j1~uropcan branch of the ancient Scythro, "havo the common typo of tho Indo-Atlantic nations in general, and of the Indo)£ uropeau family to which it belongs." :lOll M. EDWAims thus minutely describes the Sclavonic typo: "'l'ho oontou1· of lho hoo.d, vi owed in front, t\pproMbcs neo.rly to a aquo.ro; tho height surpiLHHca a lilUo lhc broatHh; tho summit is sensibly fi1~ttened; and tho direction of tho ,jaw is horizontl\1. Tho longth of tho nose is less than tho distance from its bo.so to tho chin; it is almost stmight ft·om tho depression at its l'Oot, that is to say, without dooidod ourvo.tion; but, if npprooiablo, it is slightly ooncavo, so tho.t tho end has a tendency to turn up; tho inferior part is ro.thor l11rgc, and tho oxh·omity rounded. 1'ho oyoa, ru.Utor deep sot, nrc perfectly on tho smno line; and when thoy htwo o,ny particular oluu·aotcr, thoy lti'O smaller thnn tho proportion of tho head would soom to indico.to. 1'ho oyobrows arc thin, o.nd very ncar tho oyos, pnrticuln,l'ly at tho internal o.nglo; and from this point 111'0 often dirootod obliquely outwo.rds. 'l'ho moulh, which is not salient, Juts thin lips, ami is much no1Hor to the nose than to tho top of tho chin. Another singular cltrLmctoristio mo.y bo tLdd~d, and which is very goncro.l; viz., their small boo.rd, oxc~pt on tho upper lip. Such is tho common typo among tho Poles, Silosi!Ln~, Moravio.ns, Bohemians, Sclavouio IIungo.rio. na, and it is very common nmong tho Uusaians." 200 According to Prof. RBTzrus, the Sclavonic cranium is of an oval form, truncated posteriorly. Its greatest length is to its greatest breadth as 1000 : 88. The external auditory meati arc posterior to tho plano passing through the middle of the longitudinal diameter. 'l'ho fa.co is exactly like that of tho Swedes. Tho S lavonic Race is but poorly represented in the cranial collection of the Academy. Besides tho cast of a Sclavonian head from Mol'lacl , in Dalmatia, it contains only the bead of a woman from Olmtltz in Moravia. "I record this deficiency in my coll ciion," 1~ot Dr. MoRTON, a shol't time b fore his d ath, "in tho hope that 20~ ltcR nrohoa into tlte PhyHiCI\l lliHto"y oi' Mnnkilld, iii., 442. :lOll Des C!irt\Ot~res Phy~iologiquca iloa lti\Ooa 1Ium11iuos. Po.r W. F. Edwo.rda, 1829. OF TilE RACES OF MEN. 307 some person, interested in pursuits of this nature, may b induced to provide me with mate1·ialr; for maHng the requiAitc comparisons. My impression is, that tho ·lavonian lmtin will prove much 1 'AH voluminous than that of the Teutonic raoo." 'l'he Olmntzian head above alluded to (Fig. 31) very woll represents tho skull-type of Eastern Europe .. It presents the fol- Fig. 81. lowing characters:- General form of the head globular, though wanting in symmetry, in consequence of the posterior portion of tho right pa1·ietal bone being more fully devoloped than tho corresponding portion of tlto left ; tho cal varia quito large in proportion to the face, and broadest poste-riorly between tho parietal pro- SctAvoNrAN (1261). tuberances; the foro head is high, and moderately broad; the vortex presents a somewhat fiattoned appearance, in consequence of sloping downwards and backwards towards tho occiput; the occipital region is also flat, and the breadth between tbc ma. toid processes very gr at. ']'he face is small and delicate, the nasal bones prominent, the orbits of moderate size, tl1e malar bones flat and delicately rounded, m1cl the zygomatic proc sses small and slender. Tho lower jaw is rather small, rounded at the angles, and quite acuminated at tho symphysis. If classified accordiwr to its form, tl1is head wou lcl find its place near to, if not bctw en, tho Kalmuck and Turkish types. Tnt dopers in tho lands of the Slovack for 1000 years, and speaking a dialeut of the Finnish language, the Magyars, or Hungarians, present us with ethnic peculiarities which, for several reasons, arc worthy ou1· close attcntioJt. Lil c tho Yakuts of the J_,ena, they arc a dislocated p oplc. The displacements of tho two races, however, have been i.n opposite directions. Tho physical charactci·A, langHage, and traditions of the Yakuts indicate a more southem origin; the cranial typ and 1arwun.ge of tho Magyar poiut to tho North. EDWAitDS thus brieRy dcAcrib s what may be called the IIuugarian type, in contradistinction to tho Slovack: "IIco.d noo.rlyrouucl, forchond litUo dovolopod, low, and bonding; tl1o eyes plo.ocd obliquely, eo that tho oxtonml o.nglo is olovatcd; the nose eliort o.nd flnt; mouth prominent and lipij thick; nook very strong; eo that tho back of tbo head Bppoars flat, forming u.lmost a stmight liue will1 the uapo; board woak tmd Aoattcring; stature small." 207 207 Op. cit. |