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Show 504. TUE i\fONOGENISTS AND stratum, when he appears to have been a comrade of the extinct ursus spelreus; and, subsequently, the upper, when he was contemporary with present living genera. We como now to ft· sh corroborations of Boucher de Perthcs's discoveries of human industrial remains in French diluvial drift, cited by U1:1hcr.315 ':rhcy were considered sufHcicntly important by the Acadbnie des Sciences to warrant Dr. Rigollot's nomination as correspondent of the Institute. Unhappily, this took place on the 4th of January, 1855, the day of his demise: but his work survivcs.310 In company with M. Butcux, Member of the French Geological Society, and M. E. II6bcrt, Professor of Geology at the superior normal school of Paris, Dr. Rigollot explored the new excavations at St. A houl and St. Roch;-thc former contributing a "Note sur lea terrains au sud d'Amicns," wherein he says-" Tho banks of silex and of soil which cover them [these remains] arc considered as diluvian by nearly all geologists; but, according to eminent savans, tho authors of the geological map of France, they form part of medium or upper tertiary lancls."317 "Thus it is well established," adds Rigollot,318 "and I repeat it, tho objects which we n.t·e going to describe, are found neither in the argilo-sandy ~ud (~imon), o~· brick-earth that forms the upper stratum ; nor m tho mtcrmod1ary beds of clay more or less pure, of sands and small pebbles, of which a precise notion may be had from the dc.tailcd. sections joined to this memoir; but they arc met with, exclu.~.zvely, zn the t~·1te diluvium; that is to say, in the deposit which contams the remmns of animal species of the epoch that immediately preceded the cat~clysm through which they were destroyed. Thor~ canno~ be tho shghtcst doubt in this respect." These organic r~mams. cons1st ?f s~ccinea amphibia, helix rotundata, elepltas p1·imigenzus, rhtnoceros tzchorznus, cervus somonensis, bos priscus, equus (smaller than the common horse), catillus Ouvieri, and cardium ltippopeum. Among these, some 400 industrial relics were found durin()' six month.s-in majority of silex, wrought in the same styl~ with singular skill-some ~pparcntly hatchets, others poniards, knives triangular cones; bcstdos little perforated globes, seemingly be~ds for n~cklaces and bra~clets, ?'en:rally of calcareous stone, rarely of flint. Fmally, thes.c vest1ges of pnmordial humanity were unaccompanied ~y any rcmams of pottery, or other manufactures of Gaulish later times and art. m Ttjpes of Mankind, pp. 363-72. 816 ltJOOLLOT Ml . 'dll , motre sur du Instrumen/1 en Silex trouvts d St. Acheul pras d'Amiml et co~:; ; 8 8.ous le« rapports gtologique et arcMologique, Amiens, 8vo., 1854 ; 1 with 7 plntcs. ' 'P· c&t., pp. 82-8. 118 Op. cit., p. 14, and passim. THE POLYGF.NISTS. 505 Until such well-attested facts be overthrown (how, it yet cannot be concciv d), science must accept the existence of mankind in Europe during ages anterior to that cataclysm .which rolled reliquiro of their handicraft, together with bones of now-extinct genera, amidHt the general "•roiiU VE nouu" of French diluvial dnft. Of what race were the men 310 whose manufactures were thus destroyed? Certainly not Caribs, Peruvians, or Brazilians, we might answer c't prwn The humatile vestiges of such belong exclusively to the Ameeican con tincnt; together with platyrhine simiro of their common zoological province. In the tertiary formations of Europe only fossil catanhinc monkeys aro found; of which, later species, now living, have receded into Asia and Africa. It would have been a violation of the usual homogeneity, well cstnblishcd,320 between oxtinct genera and those now alive upon each continent, were we to find types of humatile man incompatible, in craniological organism, with the existence of quadrumana in their midst. That is to say, monkeys in Asia and Afi·ica now reside within the same zones (Soc Olta1·t of Monkeys further on) as the lower indigenous races of mankind,- negroes, Hottentots, Audamancs, and various inferior IIindostanic and Malayan grades: an<l one might reason (a priori always) that, in primordial Europe, as was tho case in primordial America, and as arc tho analogous conditions of present Mrica and Asia, fossil remains of quadrumana should, in some degree, harmonize with a lower type of humatile bimanos than those now living there, since their precursors, the monkeys, have abandoned the European continent. My valued friend Mr. Kenneth R. II. Mackenzie (translator of Lcpsius's Letters from Egypt, and author of many works), to whose extensi vo range of literary knowledge I have been often indebted for information, read me some passages of a late German work.:rll Among them is this remark-" In 1833, thoro were actually found in tho cavoms of Engis and Engihoul, near Liege (Luttich), in tl1e limestone rock, even human bones and crania, which indeed belonged to the neg1·o race." Supposing no exaggeration, or error, in this stranl?'o cir~um.~tan.co, it woul<l be analogous to the now-altered geographical dtstnoutwu m Observe tho lnngung~ of Prof. Agnssiz («upra, "Profrttory llcmn.1·ks"). aoo Cf. tho romn.rks of Do Strzelecki (Phys. Drscription of N. S. Wale~ and Von Diemm's La11d, 1846) on tho org1wio rcmn.ins of Now Ilollo.nd, or Austrn.lin., yielding only fossils of Mr1rs11pit~ls, and other n.nimn.ls peculinr to thn.t zoologicnl province. m .Etl111ologi~, Anthropologie, und Stoats-Philosophic: Estor thiol, "Anthropognosio," Mllrbw ·g, 1861; p. 40:-rofcrring to Sclunorling's Recherches for authority. |