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Show THl~ JlfONOGENlS'rS AND betw n the whit r:1co anJ th black race. It is not the Lint, mol'O or 1 s bronz d, of Lh wh i Lo populations of tho sou Lh of Europe: it is a color altogether difl:'orcnt, and which bolollgs to t1tom,-mu h nearer to bla l lhun to white. Nevertheless, they have, of the black race, neither the flat nose nor tho thick lips, any more than tlte woolly hair; although, howov r, these traits arc not those of tho white race. "It is an intormocliary race, half-way between; attached, at one and the sarno tirno, to tho two extreme races to which it approximates and which it scparn.tos." Su h, finally, is a p1·6cis of Bcrhcr (j uostions at tho present hour; which cuts them loose, as another tyro of man, fr·om alI other me s of humanity,-cxc pti ng as concerns their Hamitic source and their linguistic allinitics, on which M. Maury (supra, p.142-3) has sufficiently cleared np obscurities. In common with tho llcbr ws, tho Egyptians, tho Chinos , the American aborigin es, and som oth rs whoso arliest locum tenens has not yet been quito so sharply tl' ncb d in othnoloo-y, tho Be1·be1'8 represent an especial and independent gronp of proximate races; being tho real human compon nt of what Agassiz 108 has so conclusively d tcrmiued, in zoological distribution, as tho "North African fauna" of tho "European ?'calm,"-populations to whom tho appellative ..A.talantidm [the root of which is certainly Ber·ber-a name for part of Mt. .A.Llas 109 ] would, tymologically, gcographi ·ally, aud historically, be appropriate for conv nionco of ethnic classi:fi •ation. Tho next step ought to tal o us to tho basin of tho Sonogal, whore this river constitnLos tho dividing line between those Atalantidro with their Arab companions, and those true nogl'O races whoso habitat has novct' voluntarily lain to tho north of it. Of conrso, before tho camel roached Barbary, neither tho Berbers nol' tho Arabs could have traversed the aharran wastes to hunt the n o-l'o s; nor tho latter have como across it northwards for tho more satisfaction of becoming enslaved by those superior types of man. ~ro. do so properly, one should begin with tho fil'st discovery of th1s r1ver by Europeans, about tho XfVth century, and trace through tho works of Roo1umo1t'r (1G43), GABY (1689), LADA'L' (1728), ADANSON (1757), GoLnBn.RY (1787), LA BAltTJJl!J (1785), DultAND (1802), MoLLmN (1818), MA'.r'l'm~':'s (1787), a.nd ~AING (1825), tho progt'CAS of knowledge as regards 1ts now vaned mhabitants. 011ly in thr 0 of the above travels have I been able to do it; but deficiencies ar·o 408 Typea of Afanki1tll, p. lxxviii, nnd "Mttp." 409 Sec,. on ~ho .P:o.bo.ble derivation of "~ntilin" (Antilles) from Atlantis, tho chnl'ming o.~d erud~tc tltsqmstLton of D'AvEzAO, Le8llc8 Fanla8tique8 de l'Ocdan Occidental au Moym. IJgt, Po.l'la, 1846, p. 27. '!'liE POLYGENISTS. 51:3 tolerably w 11 made up in the excellent work of RAFFENEL.'110 Under the specific dcsignaLions,-oach p pl being also subdivided into tribes, of Maures (Arabs), Foulalts, Sar·racolets, Bambatas, Mand'ingos, and Yol~ffs-Lhis accurate observer rnani(cf.lts their distinctions of typo and chal'a l r; proving, moreover, that tho white man's intelligence moL"gos into NigriLian brutality in Lho sam ratio that, step by step, one t1·avcls south from tho Sahara iuto nogl'o-lanc1; alld that tho color of tho human skin is darkened by race-chm·a to r·, not hy imao-inal'y "climate;" because, tho Semitic Arab, who hns I> en there about six centuries, is no blacker than his ancestors or cont mporarics wore, or arc now, in Arabia itsclf.'111 LUim Bumm's ar·gnment412 b ars out my assertion ; and I have since beheld, in Lito Galerie Antltropologiqr.te at Paris, tho bcauti fully colored portrait:~ of all tho races all nded to. "Lot us now pass on to Africa. Hero we find tho negro races occnpying some of tho most torrid regions, but uot exclusively. Arab races have been living in the midst of th m for tJtottAands of years, and yet they at·c only bt·own. Some of them, in<lccd, arc nearly fair; fol' t1t ir blood has b on rep atcclly mixed with that of n.orthcm trib s; and, wllero such is tho case, we fLnd that tho climate docs no more than simply tan or frccldo su ·h parts as arc general ly exposed to Lhc light. Still farther to the soutb,-farthct· even than the trno region of tho negroes-ext nd Lhc tribes of tho Galla, wlto have of Jato years conquered a laro-o portion of Abyssinia. Th so have for ages occnpicd tho plaills of cntral Africa, almost unJ r tho cqnator; and yet they arc, at tho utmost, brown, an<l many of th m omparativoly fair. Bnt, more than this, thoro ar nomadic families of tho Tawr·ick l'aco, who have wand rod from an unknown peeiod among tlte bumino- sands of the great desert its lf, mrd still r Lain their fair· complexions. They arc, incl ed, no more a-fleet d by this tonid region than most Eul'opoans would be after a rosiucnco there of a few months. "We have already spoken, in a former chapter, of the Kabyles of the Anr ·ss mountains in A lgioes,-ono tribe of whom have ll Ot merely a fair and rnddy complexion, but also hair· of a deep yellow. no Op. cit., AtlaB, colot·od likeness of "Mauro do S6nel(a1 ;"-who might bo woll contrasted with another ~ood portrait from tho Abyssini!m side of Africa, "D:jcllab mo.rohn.nd d'cscl1wos du Cortlof•~nd," in tho Revue de I' Orient, Paris, 185<1, Pl. 31. 111 Exploration dtt S6Mgal, depuis St . .Louis jliSIJ.!I'cl ta Pal6m6, au dele} de Bakel; de la Fal6m6, dcpuis ,,on embouchure iusqtl'il Sansandig; des mines d'or de K611i6ba, dans leBambouk; des pays de Gal1mt, Bondou, et Woolli; ee de Oambie, clepuis Baracotmda iusqu'il l'Octan, during 1813-4; Paris, 1846, 8vo, with folio o.U~ta. m Ellwological Jo11mat, London, No.2, July, 1848,-"Vo.riotios of Complexion in tho Human Raoo," p. 76-7 . ~~,,l•ji• l' '· Il l |