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Show 344 TilE CRANIAL CIIARACTERISTICS Tho exceedingly low and degraded Australian type is shown in the following engraviugs. Fig. 78 (No. 1327 of the Collection) represents the skull of a native of Port St. Philip, New South Wales. "This skull," says MoRTON, "is the nearest approach to the orang type that I have seen." It is a truly animal head. The forehead is exceedingly :flat and recedcnt, while the prognathism of the superior maxillary almost degenerates into a muzzle. The alveolar arch, Fig. 78. Fig. 79. AusTRALIAN 011 PonT ST. PmLIP. AUSTRALIAN. Fig. 80. Fig. 81. NEw !IoLLANDEn. NATIVE 011 l'UIOR. instca.d of being round or oval in outline, is nearly square. The whole b.ea~.ls elongated and depressed along the coronal region, the basis ~ram~ flat, and th~ mastoid processes very large and roughly formed. Th~ 1mmense orb1ts are overhung by ponderous superciliary rido-es. Th:s latt(lrfeaturc is still more evident in No. 1451 of the Collection, wh10h, though varying somewhat in type, presents in general the same brutal appearance. Fig. 79, from PmcnAitD' s ''Researches,'' rep resents 01.'' TilE RACES OF MEN. 341) the skull of an Australian savage, whicb is in the museum oftllc College of mgcons. It som what resembles Fig. 54 in its general form. The longitudinalriclgc running from thcforch ad to the occiput, wJ1ich is frequently observed in Australian skuJls, is conspicuous in this. The ridge formed by the frontal sinuses is likewise prominent, and there is a deep notch over the nasal processes of the frontal bone. These cbaractcrs arc. very strongly marked in the skuJJs of Lhc Occm1ic nations, as in those of the New Zealanders and TaitianA.z~ 1 Figs. 80 and81-from DuMOUTIER's "Atlas"-r present respectively a native of Baie Raffle, on the coast of New IIoJland, and a native of Amnoubang, in the Isle of Timor. According to Capt. Wrums, the" cast of the (Australian) face is between the African and the Malay; the forehead unusually narrow and high; the eyes small, black, and deep-set; the nose mnch depressed at the npp r part, between tho eyes, and widened at tl1c base, whi ·h is don in infancy by the motl1or, tho natueal shape beino- of an aq11iline form; the check-bones arc high, the mouth large, and furni shed with strong, well-set teeth; the chin frcqucutly retreats; tho neck is thin and short." "The g ncral characters of the Australian skull," writes MARTIN, "consist in their narrowness, or lateral compression, and in the ridge-like form of the coronal arch; the sides of which, however, arc lc s roof-like, odlattcned, than those of the Tasmanian sku 11. ••• The superciliary ridge projects greatly, giving a scowling cxpr ssion to the orbits, and reminding ns of some of the larger Apes; the nasal bones, whi ·h arc cxcccdino-ly short and depressed, sink abruptly, forming a notch at their union with the frontnJbonc, which proj cts over them; the forehead is low and retreating; and tho external orbitary process of the temporal bono is very bold and projecting, while the Rpacc occupied by the temporal muscle is strongly mm·kcd; the orbits nrc incgularly quadrate; tho l10ck-boncs are prominent; the face is :flnt, and seems as if crushed below the frontal bone; tl1c cxternalnaRal orifice, and that of the posterior narcs, arc very ample; the coronal snturo terminates as in the skull of tlw Fecjce Islanilcr; the lower jaw is more acute at its angle than in the skull j nst alluded to, but it is arched upward at tho chin." 272 In conclu. ion, I place before the reader six figures, representing Tasmanian, Ncw-Gnincan, and Alforian skulls. They arc taken from the works of Du PERRY, PmoJIAnD, MARTIN, and DullfOUTnm, and arc introduced hero, not only to complete our survey of crnuial 211 Op. cit., Vol. I., p. 200. m Man and Monkeys, p. 812. ., |
