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Show 456 'l'lJE .MONOGENISTS AND the ensemble of their destinies. The white race is Man; the black race is Wornan. No formula can so well express the reciprocal characlcristics and the law of association bctv-.·ceu the two rae s. It su(~ fi.ccs moreover to explain how one of these races has been able to be initiato1·, the other initiated; the one active, and the other passive ; without its following that this relationship carries with it, as has been maintained, at least for the futuro, on the one side superiority, ou the other inferiority." To tho debate itself I must refer for a controversy conducted on n.U sides with rare ability and sci~nti:fic decorum; my own views finding expression, generally, in the ethnological arguments of M. Com·tct de l'Isle; to be cit d hereinafter. Enough ha£ now been set forth on the unity sifle of the question ; and the reader can henceforward classify any less impo1iant monogcnists than those herein enumerated, into category A, B, or C, as best suits his appreciation of their merits. Inter alia, the ultimate philosophical results of tho cclebrat ·d Acad mician and Prof< ssor, ]!'LouRENS, wboee microscopic examination of tho human skin in diifcrcnt races, supposed by complacent clcl'gymcn to have established an infallible r cipe for provino- tho lineal descent of all mankind from" .Aflam and Eve," has led the~, in England and A mcrica, u.lmost to account him one of themselves. An En~li~h vct·sion, ho>v ver literal, fails to do justice to the piety and logw of the Fr uch original. ".All these ncc~ssary conditions, so admirably combined and prepared for the \rcc1 so moment when life was to appear, prove Gou, and one sole God. They could not, seemingly, have been two. If they had becu two, tlt y would not have so well understood each othor-ils ne se se1·aient pas si bien entendus."l02 liitherto, the weight of authorities quoted has been alton-ether on th~ aflirmative sid_c: tho polygcuists, as yet, have scarc~y had a VOJC? ou the negative. To them the next section will bo devoted: attdt alte1·am partem; commencing with Berard, 10~1 Professor of Physiology,-" I ?annot suppose that a mind disengaged from pr<'judiccs a~d fr?m hmdcranccs which certain extra-scion tific consideration~ m~gh.t.mtcrposo to liberty of thought, can entertain doubts upon tho pnrrnl1Vo plul'ality of human types." . To .tbc many divcl'sitarian authorities whoso language has been . Cltcd m Types of Manlcind, coupled with tho variety of polygenistic f~cts accumulated in that work and the present, there would seem httlc reason to add corroborative testimony, wore it not for the sal-e ~:De la Lo11gcvitc Jiumai11e, Pol'i~, 12mo., 1855, p. 238. Oour3 de Pl,y&iologic, P11ris, 8vo., 1860, 1, p. 4.US. 'l'IlE POLYGENJSTS. 457 of showing bow the advocates of this now school are rlstng uv 011 every siclc, as if in d ri sion of theocratical impediments. I will, therefor , merely select two whose conclusions arc arrived at hy reasoning from diflcront startiDg-points. Dr. PnoSPElt LucAs shall be tho fil'st, as one who has st,udicd humanity closest in its generative laws. 161 "The psychological diversity of races is, as we have said, as thoroughly demonstrated as their physiologi cal; and this divcn,ity bearf! upon all Lhc forms of human dynamism. AU tho races, in a word, although partaking of the attributes of one and tho same ' spccieA,' present them under a form and at a c1 grce which arc propcrti s of each of them: each one of them has its o>vn type of sensoriety, Hs type of charactcl', its type of intcl]i«Yon cc, its type of activity. Now, there is not a single one in which generation docs not dclevope sudden anomalies of the natural, and wherein wo cannot observe, as in the physical form of its existence, clifrcrcnt and spontaneous transitions of the moral type of one raco into tho moral type of another." M. BLANCHARD is our second, no less than the expression of a duplex authority,-his own, and Dit. DuMOUTIJm's; whose anthropological expcl'i nccs were derived, as shown by his splendid Atlas, 165 from accurate attention to the various types of men he beheld while circumuavigating the globe with Dumont d'Urvillc, and whose polygcnisLic opinions were frequently elicited at the meetings of tho Societe Etltnolo[Jique de Paris. 166 " p aking for ourselves, it is not sufficient to admit that there are, either a certain number of races, or several distinct species; it becoming necessary to ascend still higher. In order that tlto queHtion should bo clearly posited, we will say at once that, to our eye~;, there exist diftcrent species of men; that these species, very proximate to each other, form a natural genus; and that these species were crcat din tho very countries in which we find them at present. En resume, tho creation of mankind must have taken place upon an in.fi.nitu<lo of points on the globe, and not upon a single point whence they have spread themselves, little by little, over all tl10 surface of the oartb. * * * " Through all the reasons that wo have just rapidly set forth, we have acquired tho conviction, that the human genus is a vcrit.ablo genus, in the sense attached to this word by naturalists, and that this genus comprises several species. 1o< Htfrcdite Nuttmlle, i. pp. 160- 1. 166 Voyage au POle Sud, Antliropologie, Atlo.s, fol., Po.ris, 1846; cited in Type~ of Afa11kiud, pp. 438, &c. 100 Bulleti11s, 1846-7. |