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Show 644 TilE MONOGENISTS AND Dr. Shaw, tho tr::wollor from whom we quoted, gives a still more decided testimony against the theory of climate, in speaking of tlJO Moorish women. liis words arc: 'The greatest part of tho Moorish women would be reckoned beauties oven in Great Britain, as thei1· cltild?·en ce?·tainly have tlw faireat complexion of any nation whatever. Tho boys, indeed, by wearing only tho tiara, arc exposed so much to tho sun that they soon acquire the swarthincss of the Arab; but the girls, keeping more at homo, preserve their beauty till they arc thirty, at which time they arc usually past chil<l-bcaring.'-(Travols in Barbary and tho Levant, fol. 1738, p. 120.) Hero we perceive the true effects of climate ou tho fair races: a temporary darkening of tho parts exposed to tho sun, tho children of p oplc so dar] enod horn perfectly fair I W110 can toll the number of ages that the Moors have inhabited tho north of Africa? Who can say that their present region is not their original country? And yet hero they are still, a perfectly fair race. "Southern Africa also presents us with many striking illustrations of tho fallacy of tho theory of climate. We sl1all content oursolv s with citing two of the most remarkable, viz., those presented by the physical peculiarities of tho Hottentots and Bosjcsmn,ns. Those two races have been considered as one; but only by those who b li ve in tho great modi(ying power of circumstances. They arc evidently distinct. The ofjjcsmans arc pi~>'mics; the Hottentots, where pure, tall and large. rsonR of intermediate stature are, of course, met with; because two races so much alike in most respects, rcsidi ng Heat· each other, must necessarily have intermarried in tho com·so of ages; but there is no conceivable reason why, except aR distinct races, the one should be activo, restless, comparatively bravo, and of a stature seldom exceeding four foot nino inches, while tho other is tall, large, timid, and exceedingly sluggish. In most other respects their organization is similar; and they di:B:or from all other portions of mankind in tho nature of tho hair and in two remarkable peculiarities in. the femn,lo structure. They arc in tho midst of races widely diiloring fr·orn them,-ncgroes on the one hand and Oafti· a on tho other; both black, while tho Hottentots and Bosjosmans arc Rimply of a ligut yellowish brown. How can those facts be accounted for except as diileronccs of raoe ?" A view of some curious analogies, a propoa of the Gaboon riverland, may hero be given. The chart (further on), illustrative of the distribution of the aimiadre in their relation to that of some inferior types of man, with tho text accompanying, suggests a fi ". hints to ethnographers. Among them THE T'OLYGENIS'l'S. is the fact, that the highe. t living sp cics of Monkeys occupy precisely those zoological provinces where flourish the lowest races of mankind. It is well known, tl1at all negroes found in Algeria (where theit· lives are also curtailed, as in Egypt, by an uncongenial climf~to), arc brought over the Sahara, by the inland caravan-tl'ade, chiefly from tho neighborhood of tho Nigct· and Senegal rivers. 'l'bis FJhrtll be made evident in eluciclati og the aharran fauna of the Afri ·an r· aim on our 'l'ableau. From the Senegal, Gn,mbian, Joliba, an<l otliCI' streams, as well as from around Lake Tchn,d and itA afllncnls, th or·· is, and has been, ever since the Arabian camel was introduced, ahont tho 1st century n. 0.,413 a cca elcss flow of nigritian capt~ves to the '13 DY.Sl\!OULINS, op. cit., Mf:moirc sur Ia Patrie du Chameau a une J3088e, et sur l'6po q11e de son introduction e11 Afrique; pp. 350-88:- I nm Mquaintod with tho objections miHed by Quo.h·emcro (flUmoires de I'Acad.Jloy. des Inscriptio11s ct .Belles !,ett?'e81 XV., P1wis, 18•15; pp. 808-6.-); but .Egyptologio1ll reo.~ons, by him di~rego.rded, load me to doom them iuconclusive. A word hero about "Cnmola." Mcutiou wo.s mu.do (J.;ijpes of Jllankiml, p. 729, note 610), of a. MS. memoir of my own, entitled "ltemo.rks on tho introd uction of Camels lllH.I Dt·omodarics, for Army-Trnnsportu.tion, Ctlrrio.go of Mails, nnd Milit1try Field-service, into tho , t~tes u.ml 'l'crritorills lying south and west of tho Missi~sippi, between the Atl~t~ttie nnd Pttcific coasts-presented to the War-Department, Washington, Oct. 1851 :"-nnd dedioutod to the lloN. J&~'F. DAvis, then U. S. Scn£Ltor,-who ltud previously, o.t my instigo.tion (Nat. IntcUi9encer, Wo.sh., D. C., 27 M11.rch, 1851 ), introdttccd a Ctlmel-bill into Congt·ess. It is known to everybody in this country that the United Sto.tcs Tmusport "Supply" has alrco.dy mnde two trips, one to Aloxandrio., o.nd tho other to Smyrnn, nnd brought ovor to •rox11.s some 80 of these 1tnimals, in good condition. 1.'J,c undort11.king could not fnil to be sucoossf11J,-lst, because the ship was commanded by my old friend (welcomed "chez moi" o.t Ctliro as f•H bttck lts1835), Lt~u·r. DAviD Pon'L'IC!l, U.S. N.;-o.nd 2d, because the Wnr Dcpnrtmonl has merely Cll.rried out (wHh but one solitary exception) ovory dotnil-down to tho most minute-of my "Itomnrl<~" nforesnid, in regard to tho impot·tntion of these nnimnls. l<'ollo 1ving the mnxim-" jo I'Cprcnds rnn propl'i6t6 ou je lo. trouvo"-J cltLim here tho credit of ohnlking out tho lines upon which these Camels roached Americn; confident thu.t if (and I hnrdly think such contingency pos~ ible nftor the instruction the pttrty in chll.l'go hnd from myself), thoro ~houl<l be o.ny f1tilure in developing tho unbounded util.ity of the~~ qu.u~l'tlpc.ds o.ftor their htncling, suol1 eventuality can prooeocl solely through Urutcd Stntcs ofl10ml IDIB-muno. goment. . . Meanwhile, I presume my above-mentioned MS. bas become mislaid at tho Wn,r JJopiLrt-mont; becMtSO I see th11.t Mtt. M,utsu, in his very nioo litLio work (ll os tou, ~81\G) , on t.hc "Camel," whil~ t gt·tttefully acknowledging tho vnrious documonts on tho subJeCt lout hun b the Wo.r Dopnrtmcnt, with honomble mention of tl10 Authors of onoh pnpor, hfLS nowhere a~udod, either to myself (who planned tho whole afl'flit· for them iu writing, 1851-6), or to my said "ltomnrks." Now, whether my MS. (bound in red morocco, too) be or be not in c~ist.enco o.t tho Wt\r Department, it so hnppcns that, knowing perfectly well the sort of prmc1ples o.urrcnt at Washington_ Dist1·iot Columbia,- I ho.d to.kon 8 proc11.utions to ensure prc.scrvo.t1on of my idoo.s therein; 1st, by having o. fo.c-simile copy made by tho hnnd~ of 1\ thn·d .party bo~oro transmitting the origiual from Pittsburg, Po.., to tho Department; 2d, by soourmg suffio10nt oolintoro.l evidence of my connection with th11t Tnstitution from first to lnst; and 3d, by preserving, in o. p1ttcnt Sulo.mttndor snfe, my MS. copy, with evory scrnp of corrospondooco 35 |