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Show 0·10 TilE MONOGENIS1'S AND futuro scqucn s of amalgamation between " types" so ofL n rcpugn, nt, and amid "races" not loss (iu zoologi ·al, gcogravhicttl, anu hi Lorical, pltcnom 'tta) diverse. Thus then, EnN KnALEDOON rccogniz d the same throe distinct typos of man we lind about North-western Afri a now, viz., the Berbere, tho A1·abs, aud Lhc negroes south of tho Sahara. lie demarcates tho B01·borH as follows: "Now tho real filet which dispenses with all hypotheses, is this: tho Berbers arc th children of Canaan, son of Ibm, son of Noah; as we have already enunciated it, when sp ::d.:-i ng of tho gnttHl divisions of th human sp cios. Their gmmliitthor was nam d Mazyh [tho Maeici of tho Latins, and tho Maz1MJs of th Greeks]; th ir brothers wore tho Ocrgcsians (Aglt?"Uceeh); tho PhilisLiuoH, children of asluhim [hoi' he likewise tal cs the Hebrew plural ior the Sltillouhs to be a man!], son of Misl'::t'im, son of Cham, were th ir r lations. * * * One must admit [he adds peremptorily] no other opinion than ours." Wiser than some mod rn otbnographct·s, our Arab author wholly r~j cLs Berber "pt·ct nsious to Arabian origin: pr tensions that I regard as ill-found d; b canso the situation of the places which these tribes inhabit, and an examination of tho langua c spoken by them, establish suOiciontly that they have nothing in common with tho Arabs. I ccpt only the Sanhadja and tho Ketama (but God knows if this be true!), who, as tho Arab goucalogists say th m elves, app rtain to this nation,-an opinion that accot·ds with my own." Tho Borb rs apostn.tizcd from Islam twelve times: nor was ihis religion implanted among them bcf ro TAttEO (a B rbor chief, who crossed ovorto Gibraltar, gebel-'l'arec, "hill of Taroc," A. D. 7~1) wont to pain. "Tll so chiefs bore with th m a gt·cat numb r of Berber sh ·yl-bs aud warriors, in ord.or to combat tho infidels. After the conquest of Spain, these auxilial'i s fixed themselves thoro· and, since then, tho B rbors of tho Mogluob hav r main cl faiLhf'ui to Islamism, and have lost their old hnbit of apostasy." A portion of the Berbers, previously to that, had embraced Judai m; bnt "Idrcos tho First, d scondant of El-IT assan, son of El-IJassan (gra~dson of Mohammed), having como into tho Moghrcb, caused to d1~a~pcar fro~l this country tho very last v stigc of these religions [ bnstlan, Jowtsh, and pagan], and put an end to tho indcpcndcnco of these tribes. "We believe that we have cited a series of facts which provo that the Berbers have always been a people, pow rful, redoubtable, brav , and numerous: a true people, like so many others in this world, such as tho Arabs, tho Persians, the Greeks, and the Homans. uch TIIE POLYGENISTS. 541 was, in f:tct, tho Berber race. * * * From tho MoO'lnob-ol-aksa [cxtremost w st] as far as Tri1 oli; or, to sp ak more cxacLly, as far as AL xandl'ia; and fi·om tho I oman s a [Mediterranean] as fat· as the country of th blacks, the whole of this region has boon inhabited by the Bot·bcl' race; and this fl'Om an epoch of which nciL11 r the anterior events nor oven the boginninO' arc known,"-wt·olo EuN KIIAJ.l!JDOON, 'five centuries before tho science of Ethnology even possessed a name. ~o much being settled, I proceed to indicate points of g O"'t'aphl al contact between tho Berber and tltc true n gro races; observing only, that tho possession of dromedaries and ·amels hassince tho Ist c ntury n. o. as the earliest, and since tho VIIth A. D. as tho best historical date fol' any largo scale-spread tho Berber trib sin a semi-circle over· all the nol'thern confines of tho Belad-es-Soodiin countries of tho blacks.~06 ' It is from tho name of tho tl'ibo Aour~ka that Car tte, very reasonably, d rives tho name of "Aft·ica ;" and it is also at tho oases uaroO'Ia, Tomac!n, and TuO'gmt,- gt·oupod into one appcllutivo, Ouad-Ri1·' (Mocrhraboo for Owlad-R£glt)-that mixture of Atlantic races and tongues with Arabian chiefly tal-es phwo. "R·igh" moaui ng "separation;" "Ouad-Riglt" signifies "tho sons of the Righ," or of separation. "The Arabs como fl'om the tribes [B6dawocs]; the Berbers pass as originating feom tho soil It is, on the other hand, caRy tor cognize th m; because tho _,1?-abs l~ave tlte skin tanned like men of tlto white race who have sojonmcd lonO' in sou them countries; wh t·cas tho Ruar'a, properly so allcd, or autochthonous inltabiLants, have tlte slcin nearly as blaclc as tlw negroes, and some f w tho traits of the black race. Albeit, they difl:or still essentially fl'om tho Ni"'ritian peoples; aud, ill the country itself, they can uovet· be confounded. I have seen many Rouar'a [now Fron h sp llincr for Roua'glta] Berb l'S very much r sembling tho ncgl'O, and yet who would have considered it an insult to be confounded with tho rae of slaves. [Amalgamation with nogrossos explains those exceptional cases.] 'l'hcy characieeizo their colot· by no other epithet than J(ltamri, which signi"fics 'brown' [or reddisl6, always tho Egyptian colot· for tho Hamitic stock).4°7 "Tho autochthonous population of tho 1 children of Riglt' (separation) mark, thor ioro, the transition of tho color and the foatnr s •oo D'RscAYltAC oH LAU'I'UIHJ (Ee fltsert et le Soudiln, Paris, 1854) has written one of tho best books ou Llti~ subject; but, haviug lost my copy, I o.m uno.blo to quote o.n outot·prising tt·avollcr who kuows those regions so well. tOT 'l'ypes of ill unkind, pp. 533:- Otia .IJ!.f;ypli<lCit, p. 131. |