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Show 510 TilE MONOGENISTS AND It was not, however, from ratiocination upon such d~ta, which arc later sequences of palroontological revelat,io~s obtamcd only since 1837, that the greatest champion of th.e "umty of the human species" (at whose equivocal dictum trembling ot:thodoxy ?lutches like sinking mariners at their last plank) draws h1s .concluslOn ~hat our :first parents were of the negro type; indeed, logiCally spealang, that "Adam and Eve" must have appertained to that same "bevy of black angels ( canght) as they were winging their wn,y. to som.c iAland of purity and bliss here upon earth, and reduced fro:n the1r heavenly state, by the most diabolical cruelties and oppresswns, to one of degradation, misery, and servitude." :l26 • Iu 1813, Dr. Prichard wrote : 327 "If there be any truth m the above remarks, it must be concluded that the process of Nature in the human species is the transmutation of tho characteristics of the negro into those of tho European, or tho evolution of white varieties in black races of men. * * * This loads us to the inference that the primitive stock of men wore negroes, which bas every appearance of truth. * * * On the whole, there arc reasons which lead us to adopt the conclusion that tho primitive stock of men were pr bably negroes; and I know of no argument to be set on the other side." With regard to Prichard's now-forgotten view, that "the process of Nature" is the "transmutation" of species, nothing can be less historically founded. To the facts established in onr former work/18 and others in this essay, I would here add the authority of the ablest polygonist, no less than one among eminent comparative anatomists of the Doctor's time, viz., Desmou lins: 329 "The species of tho same genus, and with stronger reason those of difrorcnt genera, are therefore unalterable throughout all those in:fiuenecs which heretofore were regarded as the ever-producing and ever-alt ring causes of them. It is, then, the PERMANENCE OF TYPE, UNDER CONTRARY INFLUENCES, which constitutes the species. That which is called 'varieties' bears only upon differences of size and color: they are but the accidental subdivisions of the species." Confirming it by a later authority, Courtet de l'Isle,330 who after citing, like Morton, 820 DLEDSOFJ, Liberty and Sla~>ery, Philadelphia, 12mo, 185G; p. 54. Dr. Livingstone, however, according to nowsp!lper report, has since found such angelic negroes in tho centre of A frico.. "N ous vorrons." 821 Reuarclle8 into the Pl1y8ical Ili!tory of Man, London, 8vo, 1st cd., 1813; pp. 233-9. This curious oho.pter is expunged from all later editions of his works; nor did the leo.rncd Doctor ever refer, in them, to his early theory I &l8 Types of Manki11d, pp. 56, 81, 84, 465. 829 lliatoire Naturtlle des Racu lTutnaines du nord-e8t de l'Europe, de l' Asie borlale, et de l' Aj1'1'que au8trale, Pt~ris, 8vo, 1826; p. 194. 800 Tableau Et!mographique (supra., note 1 inCho.p. II), pp. 9-10, 67-76; Pl. 26, 27, 31, 82. TJIE POLYGF.NISTS. Gll N ott, and myself, the testimony of Egyptian monuments to prove that types have not altered in 4000 years, continues: "These facts are, to my eyes, of tho utmost importance, because they tend to fix tho opinion of those who might be tempted to believe that races undergo, in the course of ages, such modifications as that the negro, for instance, might be derived fi·om tho white man. All inductions drawn from archroology give to this opinion tho most splintering denial. Tho idea of the permanence of races is justified by all known facts. Now, remarkable cit·cumstanco ! in order that one could admit the variability of types, it would require that, for throe or four thousand years, if not a radical change in races, at least a tendency towards cltange, should have been observed; whereas the facts, far from demonstrating any tendency of this kind, provo, on the contrary, that the races of to-day are perfectly identical with those of by-gone ages .. " Discarding, thoreforc, as non-proven, such deduction as the existonce of negro races in early Europe, thoro arc other circumstances which favor the probability that, even subsequently to humatile man, inferior types of humanity preceded the immigration into (or rather, perhaps, inferential occupancy of) Scandinavia, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, by high-caste Indo-Germanic races. Sec philological inductions of Maury [sup1'a, p. 43]. I have read somewhere, though my note of the work is mislaid, that Prof. Retzius bas mot, in the peat-bogs and oldest sepulchres of Nor thorn Europe, with skeletons of a Mongo lie or byperborean (Lapp?) type, of an ago anterior to the caims and barrows wherein he and Nilsson, 331 recognize those of braclty-lceplzalic and doliclw-lcepltalic races-these last being, to some extent, precursors of the historical Norsemen, Danes, Swedes, Jutes, Saxons, &c., scattered along the western Baltic coasts. De Gobineau,332 notwithstanding some slight inadvertences due to velocity of thought and composition, joined to the use of the term "finniquo" (Finnish) in senses which I fancy to be historically untenablo, 333 bas certainly brought out some startling phenomena on tho "primitive populations of Europe." 'l'o his brilliant pages I must refer for sketches of early Tbracians, Illyrians, Etruscans, !bores, Galls, and Italiots. They are painted by a master-band. Ml Skandinavi!ka Nordcna Urinvi'marc, &o., Christio.nstu.d, 4to, 1838; Pl. D, pp. 1-18. ass lntgalill des Races Ilutnaines, Paris, 8vo, 1865; III, pauim, Chapters I-IV, and pp. 2, 19, 28. ass As Uro.liu.ns in geogro.phieo.J origin, no Ji'inna could ho.vo been in primitive France. Cf. the lluthoritica in DESMOULINS, Race! Ilumaines, pp. 53-5, 164 :-o.lso, KLAPROTll, Tableaux, p. 234. |