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Show G02 THE MONOGENISTS AND found, in addition to Mantell's and Moultrie's humatilo Caribs or Peruvians, as well as to Lund's humatile Brazilian crania, 1stMeigs's humatilo South-American human bonos ;3\18 2d-Agnssiz's Floridian "fossil remains" of human jaws and foot, embedded in a conglomerate at least "10,000 years" old;:Ml!l and 3d-Dickeson'sfosail fragment of a human pelvis; unique, as such, in the world? It is true that, except in the above chronological estimate of Prof. Agassiz (which falls very far below tho geological realities of coralformed Florida), tho antiquity of these specimens eludes measurement; but, tho continent of America is older than that of Europe, where Ohcv. Bunsen (ubi supra) insists upon more than 20,000 years since the advent of a single human pair upon earth. It is, likewise, infinitely more ancient than tho Nilotic alluvials of Egypt; whore, as before shown, our monumentB go back, at tho lowest figures (lid dynasty), some 53 centuries; without yielding any cltronological boundary to anterior human occupancy. Hence, upon these premises, thoro exists no arithmetical limit to human existence in America; while it is a remarkable foatul'O among tho circumstances, that, hero, humatilo men and humatilo aimiw occupy the same oootaneous "platform"- tho former always Indiana, the latter over platyrltina!; both b ing, as to their "province of creation," Americans, and American only- neither types having yet turned up olsew~ ore. And, in this com1 arison of simple facts, nothiug has boon sa1d about tho possible antiquity of tho "monnds of tho West .3!u nor in respect to those .antiqno. monuments, concerning which ;ho same quah:fi.cd explorer JS cloanng away mystifications in Oontrn.l ~morica. Being modern, in comparison with palroontological subJOcts, th~ latt~r m.ay be touched upon in a subsequent place. S~ch~ m bnef, JS the antiquarian state of matters on the cis-Atlantic s1de. As successor in various geological phenomena, Europe beckons for some trans-Atlantic inquiries. . Pictet,311 after givin o- a succinct account of researches upon fossillzod human bones, concludes: "]st. Man did not establish himself in Europe at the commencement of the diluvian pooh, &c. * * * ." 2~. S?mo m~gmtions probably took place during the course of th1s d1luv1an por1od. The first men who penetrated into Europe per- 8(16 Now in the Aond. Nnt. Soc.- Of. MEros, Account of 8ome human bo11e8 &c Tram Amer. Pl!ilo8. Soc., Philndolphia, 1880; III, pp. 286-91. ' . - . 100 Typt8 of flfanki11d, p. 852. 8Io Squ.um, A11cimt Monument' of the Mi8aiuippi Valley . 1848 4to pp 304-306 . 1"1 of Nankmd, pp. 287-8. ' ' ' · .- ypu an Tt·aill de l'al4o71tologie, Paris, 8vo, 2d edition, 1853; pp. 145-51, 154. TilE POLYGENlS'l'S. 503 haps still saw tho cavern-bears, the elephants, and tho contemporaneous (animal) population. Some among them wore victims of tho same inundati ns." Ton years of reflection upon newer evidences had led this judicious palroontologist to consider the cootanoousncss of mankind, in Europe, with some extinct genera of mammifcrs (ursus BpelwuB, &c.), less improbable than when he first publi!:!hocl in 1844. "Nevertheless," with Maury,312 "let us not hasten to conclude. Tho study of ethnology tends to make us think that, at first, tho human race was very sparsely sown upon tho globe. Its numerical strength has not ceased to increase from tho most ancient historical times; w l1il st, for many animal races, tho progression has boon inverse. At the time when civilization was yet unborn, when, constrained to live by the chase and by fishing, man wandered as docs still tho North American Indian, or tho indigenous nati vo of Australia, a thousand <lcstructivo causes toudotl towards his destruction, and tho diffi.culty of subsisting rendered increase of population very t:llow. [Tho groat development of population begins but with tho domestication of herbivorous animals 313 and tho culture of cereals.] If the first infancy of humanity, which was of very many thousands of years, corresponds to tho tertiary period., tl1cro can then have existed but a very restricted number of tribes, spread over perhaps those parts of Asia which the geologist has not sufficiently explored. * * * Let ns hero remember that geologists comprise, under the name of tertiary, all tl1o layers (uoucltes) which have been deposited si nce tho last secondary formation, that of tho chalk. Tl1o tertiary systems servo, in consoqnonco, as points of junction between tho present animal kingdom aud tho animal kingdom past. :For, tho most ancient eocene doposi ts contain remains but of a little num bor of secondary species, and these species comprise a groat number of genera still existing, associated with particular types." In confirmation of which wo may refer toM. do Serres's rcmark,314 th~Lt our domestic animals scare ly exist at all in tertiary deposits, although they abound in tho later cave and diluvial; wherein, being found with human remains, it seems probable that man had already reduced some of thorn to domesticity. So, again, in tho caverns of Garcl, tlwro arc two distiuct epochs oflmmatilo man; first, tho lower atz Op. cit. (supra, note 289), pp. 42, 40:- LF.ONIIAill) (npud Kr,u, lJtluge, pp. 823-6), sustains tho cootn.noousnoss of mn.n with extinct goncrn. of n.nimBls in European caverns, with several cxo.mplos. m See nlso my romo.rks on tho evidences of early domestication of Egyptian animals, in Typu of .Mankind, pp. 418- 14. aa Op. cit. (supra, note 182), pp. 61-2, 149. |