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Show I ! 3H TITE CRANIAL CIIARACTERIS'l'ICS description of MUller coincides very well with the appearance of this skull. Fig. 86. In Fig. 36 tho reader has before him another peculiar type- and a unique specimen- of skull, that of the Ancient Pbamicians, tho seawande1 ·ers (a name their habits suggest and justify), tho bold navigators and commercial traders of antiquity, who, as early as the sixth century, n. c., bad dared tho waters of PH<ENICIAN. the Atlantic, and, perhaps, doubled tho Cape of Good IIopc in their fearless explorations; and whose language, after being lost for nearly two thousand years, has lately been deciphered, and its long-hidden secrete; revealed to tho world. m "I received this highly interesting rolio," says Dr. MonroN, "from M. F. J?r(l~nol, tho distinguished French o.rchooologist nnd traveller [since dcceo.sed, February, 1856, at Dngdo.d, in the midst of Ninevito oxplorntions], with the following momornndurn, A. u. 1847:-' Crline provennnt des caves scpulchrnlcs do Den-Djemmo., dnns l'ilo do Mnlte. Co crU.no purnit nvoir o.ppnrtonu a un individu do ln. rnco qui, dans les temps les plus u.noions, occupo.it lu cote soptontrionnlo do l'Afriquo, ot los iles n.djncent.os.' "•2~ This craninm is tho one alluded to in the interesting anecdote narrated by the late Dr. PAT1'E11SON, in his graceful Memoir, as illustrating the wonderful power of discrimination, tho tactus visus, acquired by Dr. MoRTON in his long and critical study of craniography. 225 From this circumstance, and from the many singular and interesting associations inseparably connected with its antiquity, its introduction hero cannot fail to be received with a lively sense of interest by those engaged in those studies. It is in many respects a pcculiat· skull. In a profile view, the eye quickly notices the remarkable length of the occipito-montal diameter. 'J'his feature gives to the whole bead an elongated appearance, which is much heightened by the general narrowucss of the calvaria, tho backward slope of th~ occipital region, and the strong pl'ognathous tendency of ~he max11lro. The contour of tho coronal region is a long oval, whwh recalls to tho mind tho kumbe-kophalic form of WnsoN. Th~ moderately well-developed forehead is notable for its regularity. In 1ts form and genetal charactct·s the face is sui geucris. It may 223 Sec Pulszl<y's Chap. I., p. 129-187, a11te. 221 Sec Morton's Cntalogoo of Skulls of Man. and tho Inferior Animals. Philndn., 1849. No. l8G2. 225 Soc Typos of Mankind, p. xl. • OF 'l'IIE RACES OF l\D:N. 315 not inaptly be compared to a double wedge, for Lhc fae1n.l bonos arc not only iuclinou downwards and remarkably forward, tlms tapcri11g towards tho chin, but· also in consequence of the flatness of the malar bonos and the iufodor maxillary rami they appear laterally compressed, sloping gently, on both sides, from behind forwards, towards tho median line. The lower jaw is large, and muc]J thrown forwards. Tho slope of the superior mnxilla forms an anglo witl1 tho horizon of about 45°. NotwitllstandiJ1g this inclination of tl1c maxilla, tl1o incisor teeth arc so curved as to be nearly vertical. lienee tho prognatl1ism of the jaws is quite peculiar, difrcring, as it docs, from that of the Eskimo cranium already alluded to, and :Crom the true African skulls presently to be noticed. In t1JO consicl ration of European types, we pass next to the supposed primeval home of tlJO lmman fhmily. In the mountainous but fertile region of the Caucasus, extending i1·om the Euxinc to tho Caspiau Seas, elwell numerous tribes, speaking mutually unintoiligiblc languages, :tnd diftcring in physical characters. From this region wore the harems of tlJC Turk and Persian supplied wii11 those beautiful Georgian and Circassian females, who have, to no small extent, imparted their pl1ysical oxcollonco to the former people. Some idea of the multiplicity of languages spoken in this small area may be obtained from a fact mentioned by Pliny, that at Dioscurias, a small sea-port town, the ancient commerce with tho Greeks and Romans was carried on through tho intervention of one hundred and thirty interpreters. This Caucasian group of races, comprising the Circassian or Kabardian race, the Absn6 or Abnssinns, tho Oscti or Iron, the Mizjcji, tho Losgians, nnd the Go rgians, is classed by LATHAM, singularly enough, with the Mongol id ro. In allnding to their physical conformation, he speaks of them as "modified Mongols," although he confcs>:cs bi1::1 inability to answ r tho patent physiological objections to such an arrangement- obj ciions based upon tho symmetry of shape and delicacy of complexion on the part of tho Georgians and Circassians. "'!'be rco.lly scientific portion of these nnntomicnl ronsons" (for connecting tho above group with tl10 European nnLions), so.ys l1e, "consists inn single fnct, wJ,icll wns os follows: -Dlnmenb1tch lind n Rolitnry Georgian skull, nnd tbo.t solitn1·y a~orginn skull wns tho finest in his collection, thnt of n. Greek being tl1o next. llcnco, it wns tnkcn ns tho typo of tho skull of tho more orgnnizod divisions of our species. l\1oJ'C than this, it go.ve its nnmo to the type, nnd introduced the term Cauca~ian . Never hns a single l1end dono more hnrm to science tho.n wns dono in tho wo.y of postJIUmous mischief, by tho hend of this weli-Hhapcd femo.lo from Oeo1·gin. I do not sny thn.t it was not 11 fnir snmplo of all Georginn slmll s. It might or mi.ght not bo. I only lny before critics tho amount of induction that tl1oy have gone upon." 226 220 Tho Varieties of Mo.n, pp. 105, Ill, 108. The nttcntion of the render is directed to tho following pn.rngro.ph, descriptive of tho Georgiou cranium roforrcd to u.b-:~vc. "'l'ho form of this hand is of such distinguished ologance, that it uttru.cts tho attention of all who |