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Show 310 THE CRANIAL CIIARAC'rERTSTICS still lives and moves in the" Trastcvcrini," or mob population of the Tiber. Dr. MOR'l'ON thus describes tho Greek physiognomy: "Tho forcboud is high, oxpttndod, and but litUo arched, so thnt it forms, with tho straight and pointed noso, 1\ llCarly J'cctilinonr outlino. 1'bis oonformMion somolimos Fig. 82. APOLLO DllLVlDI!lRIII. imparts an nppoaranoe of diaproportion to tho uppor part of tho faco, which, howovor, iH in n great monsuro oountomctod by tho lnrgonoss of tho oyo. Tho Oreok fnco is n fino oval, and amnii in comparison to tho voluminous head. 'fho str1tues of tho Olympian Jupiter, and tho Apollo Dolvidoro (Fig. 82), oonvcy an oxaot idoa of the perfoc\ Orccirm oountounnoo." 210 "In tho Greek," snys MARTIN, "t!Jo countonnnoc hna n moro unimntcd e:xproasion; the eye& nro largo; and tho forohontl ndvn.noing, produoos n mnrkcd but olegant aupor-oJ·bitnl mnrgin, on whioh tho oyobrowa nro doliontoly ponoillod; tho nose, falling straight from tho forohond, aomotimos inolinos to nn nquilino form, and is of'ton of rnthor moro t.hnn mo<lor·nto length; tho uppor lip is short, 1\nd tho mouth dolioatoly moulded; tho Jowor jr\w ia not ao lnrgo ns to di~turb tho ovnl contour of tho faoo, tlnd tho chin is prominent; the gonornl oxpression, with less of stornnoas thon in tho ltomnn hoH cqw1l daring, and betokens intcllootunl exnltn.~ tion."m BLUMJIJNDAOII describes a Greek skull-with one exception, tho most beautiful head iu his collection-in the following terms: "The Fig. 88. form of tiro calvnl"ia su b-globulnr; tho foro-head most nobly arched; th superior max~ ll.ary b?nes, .i ust beneath iho nasal aperture, JOlno<lm a plano almost p rpondicn Jar; the malar bones oven, and sloping moderately downwarcls." 212 Fig. 33, borl'Owcdfrom the first volume of Pt·ichard's Researches, represents tho skull of a Gr·ook, named Constantino Dcmctrindcs, a native of Corftl, ann for a long Lim a teach r of tho M odom G rook lnng·nago at Oxford.21l The Mortonian Collection is ir.1Clo?to~ to Prof: HgTzrus for tho cast of tho sl-nll of a young Grook, whrch 111 1ts general form and character vet·y mu h roaomblcs tbo ~bovo figu~o from 'Pri.char<l. I find the calvaria well developed; tho honlalr gwn oxpansJvo and prominent; tho facial line departs 21° Cran. Amor., p. 12. 212 Doone Soxta, p. 6. 211 Mnn nnd Monkoys, p. 228. mOp. oit., p. xvii. OF 1'11E RACES OF' MEN. but slighLly from tho perpendicular, and Lhc facial anglo consequently approa hcs a right angl . A small and regularly-formed face, devoid of asperities, harmonizes well with the general i11t ll ctual character of the head pro1 or. Tho malar bono~:~ ar small flat. and smooth with just nough lateral prominence to give to th~ fac~ an oval out~ line; tho alv olar mal'gins of tho maxillro arc regularly arcl1od, and tho tooth pcrpcndiculat'. Crossing Lho Gulf of Venice, wo next encounter tho Roman fom1 of head-" a striking type," to usc tho language of Dr. WrsJ~MAN, "essentially tho same, from the wr athcd imago o(' Scipio's tomb to Trajan or V spasian, consistino- in a larg and fiat lJoad; a lo~ and wide forch ad; a face, in childhood, heavy and l'Ound -later, broad and square; a short and thick neck, and a stout and broad figure. Nor need wo go far to find their d sccndants; they arc to bo io.nnd cv ry day in tho streets, principally among tho burgesses, or mHlUlo class, tho most invariable portion of any population." 214 BI.UMJJ;NDAOH presents us with tbc figure of the skull of a Homan prrotorian soldier, aud accompanies it with tho following description: "OoMrnl form very fino nnd symmetrical; calvru·ia sub-globose, terminating anteriorly in n. fo,·ohcncl elogn.ntly smooLhod; glltbolln. and superciliary arches moderntcly prominent; nasn.l boncM of n. medium form, neithor doprcssod nor nquilino; chock-bones dose nding gonUy fl'Om tho lower and outer mnrgin of the orbit~. not protuberant as in Negroes, no1· broadly oxp:tndcd as in Mongols; jaws with tho n.lvcolar n'chos and rows of tooth wellrounded; oxtol'llf\1 occipital protubcrunco vory broad and prominont."2IG SANDIFORT fignres a Roman skull, and speaks of tho broad, smooth, and pel'pondicular foJ·olwad; tho oven vortex, 1·isi ng at the posterior part; tho lateral globosity, and general oblong form. 210 According to MouTON, "tbo H.oman head <liflcrs ft·om the Greek in havin()' tbo foreh ad low and more arched, anrl tho nose strongly aquiline, together with a mark cl d pression of tho naaal bones betwecu lh<' eyes." 217 MAlt TIN sp ales of th Roman skull as well-formed, "the for ll ad remarkable rath r for br adib than elevation; eyes moderately Jnr·•YO; a raised and usually aquiline nose; full atld firmly moulded lips; a large lower jaw, and a prominent chin, distingnisJ, tho Roman; and an expression in which pri<l , stomnoss, and daring arc blended, complete tho picture of' bl'Oad-fl'ont cl CroRar.' " 218 Dr. J~DWAitns, after cri ti ·ally oxamin in o- the busts of tho early Emperors, thus describes tho Homan type of head: "Tho vorticnl dinmotcr is short, ond the f1tco, consoquontly, broad. Tho flnttencd summit of tho cmnium, nod tiro 1\lrnost horizontal lowor margin of tho jnw, Ct\uso tho oontoUJ 2H Loctu1·oa on tho Connection betwcon Soionoo nnd Rovcn.lcd Religion, p. 152. 215 Docndoa, 4 to, p. 7. 216 'l'o.buloo Crnniorum dive ran rum Nationum, P. I. 21T Crania Amoricana, p. 18. 218 Man nnd Monkoys, p. 228. |