Indigenous Races of the Earth

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302 TTIE CRANIAL CJIARAC1'ERISTICS very long, clumsy and massive in its general appearance. 'J.1ho fore­head is low, broad, and ponderous; tho occiput heavy and very proLub rant; Lhe basis cranii long, broad, and fiat; the orbits capacious; and Lhe distance from tho root of tho nose to the upper alveolus quite short. In its general form, it very much resembles the Oirnbric sl ull, No. 1362. The Oimbric type, how­ever, js somewhat nanowor in the frontal region, and widens more postol'iorly towards the parietal protuberances. In his work, ciLed above, Prof. NILSSON figures a massive, oblong bead to which tho Irish skull under consideration b ars a considerable resemblance. A very heavy skull from tho field of Waterloo (No. 1564) is sLrictly and beautifully oval. Of Lhc four heads from tho cata.combs at Paris, three arc decidedly brachy-cephalic, and one of tho a rmanic form. Leaving Western Em·opo-tho homo of tho Ooltro- and turning our st ps towards the region of tho old liorcyllian 1!"01·ost, and the flourcos of tho Saalo River, we moot with a type of skull which has ftgur cl pre- minontly in the momentous and stirring historical events of which Europe has boon tho ar ua. 'l'hc Germanic, Gothic, or Teutonic skull which Tacitus regarded as indigenous to the ·heart of Europe, is bri fly described by MoR'!'oN, as "largo and spl1eroidal, tho forehead broad and arched, tho face round .... " 100 PnrciiAltD, aft.or stating that we dcri.vo no informaLion ii·om tho classical writers concerning tho form of the head in tho ancient Germans, says: "1'he modem Germans aro well known to have large heads, with Lho ante­rior part of tho cranium elevated and fully devclopcJ. They have this p culiari ty of form ju a gr·oator degree than oithe1· tho Prcnch or English." 200 VESALius observes, "that tho Germans l1ad ()'one­rally a fiatt ned occiput and broad head." 201 According to Ko~nsT the Teutonic skull is larger and rounder than tho K Hie. Tho head and face form a scmi-ci~·clo, to which the small end of the oval is added, formed by tho inter-maxillary region. The brow is broad higL, and massivo.202 Near tho close of tho Decades, BLUM.FJNUAo~ figures a cranium found in an ancient tumulus ncar Romstod in tho district of Weimar, and which tho poet-philosoph r GroLho ~up­posed t~ b.e that .of an ancient Gorman. IIo unfortunately gives no d scnptwn of 1t, but merely allud s to its symmetry and "fron­t~ m globosam ot limbi alveolaris angustior m arcum." VrMON1', in lns chapter on Tetes nationales, speaks of tho "capacit6 consid6rable," 1011 Crn.ni11 Amorio11n11, p. 18. : Roson~·ohos into Lho Nat. IIist. of Man, iii. 898. 201 Do Corp. Fab. Human. A. Reith Johnston's Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena, 2d ouit., p. 106. OF TITE RACES OF MEN. 303 tho thickness of tho bonos, and tho great clovolopmont of tho upper n.nd anterior parts of the G rman skull.200 Tho reader will obtain a general idea of the ormanio cal­varial type from the accompanying engraving (Fig. 30), representing tho sl ull of the illustrious German poet, FREDERICK ScHILLER. It is reduced from I late I. of Dr. GAnus' "Atla der Oranioscopio." 201 The authenticity of the drawing, the evident beauty of form and har­mony of proportion, the brilliant literary souvenirs inseparably at­tached to tho memory of tho au­thor of tho Robber·s, and friend of Fig. 80. BOIIlLL}lR. Grothe, and espocinJ1y the somewhat Sclavonic cast of tho facial region, have indue d me to adopt this skull, in preference to any of tho h ads contained in Morton's OollecLion, as tho standard or typical representative, not so much of Teutonic as of Central and ]!:astern Euror o, in general. Dr. Oarus thus commeuts upon this P1·ofll du Gr&ne de llred6ric de ScMller d' apres un pWtre mouze: "Dans l'onsemblo, la proportionoalit6 est, on no pout plus hourouso ot en parfaito har­mouio 11VOC los qU!<litos d'uo esprit eminent, losquollcs uut·ont SOUS tons los rapports, placer Schiller 11 colo uo Oootho. Chacuno do Lt·ois vortebrcs du cr!Lno so trouvo dans l'ctat du d6voloppomont lo plus bc11u ot lo plus com plot; Ia vortobro m6diano o~t particulioremont grande, grnoicusemonto vofiLco, :finomont modolco. Lo front est ossontiollcmont plus dc­volopp6 en leu· gout· quo celui do Oootho,choz qui ccpend•tnt il otnit plus snillant au milieu .... L'occiput ost 6galomont oxprosaif, snns bosso ni protub6mnco; o'ost surtout par uno cer­tniuo formation 616g•trnment anondio do tonto Ia tete quo l'ooil do l'obsorv11tour so sent agrcnblcmont cnpLi"6." Of aU tho European crania in Morton's OolJoction, that of a Dutch­man approximates most closely what I conceive to be tho true Ger­manic or Teutonic form. 1'his skull is remarkable for possessing the l::trgo internal capacity of 114 cu bi.c inches- the largest in tho entire collection. Tho calvaria is very largo; tho face rather small, d licatc, well-formed, and tapering towar·ds the cl1in. Tho :£i·ontal diameter or breadth between tho temples, is 4} inches; tho greatest breadth between tho pari tal protuberances js G~ inches; the antero­posterior or longitudinal diameter is 7-i inches; the height, mea- 203 Tl'flit6 de Phronologio, llnmnino ot Comparee. Par J. Vimont. Paris, 1886, ii. 478. 201 Atlas dcr Ct·anioRcopio, odor Abbildungon dor Schmdol- und Antlitzformen Dcruchmtor oder sonst rnerkwn11rdigor Porsonen, von Dr. C. G. Cnrus. Heft. I. Leipzig, 1843. Tho pintos arc accompanied with Om·mau and Ft·onch text.