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Show 282 TilE CRANIAL CIIARACTERISTICS Conteal Asia, while oth rs approximnte the Malayan, and through these the Polynesian f(mns. Indo- ltina may thercioe be regarded as tho tmnsitionary or d batable gt·ound between Asia and I olynosia. Concerning tho sl ull-forms of the mysterious aboriginal tribes of this region, who here and there "crop out" above tho pr vailing type (tho pcrpl xing r l'roscntativcs of an om·Jior and pcrlntps p1·imitivo humn.nitari~1n or och), I have nothing to say, being without tho nccc sary material. Among these relics of a form r time nmy be enum mtcd tlJC savngo aro, or hi.ll-tribos of outh-w at Assam, witlt tlt it· Ncg1·o chamctcristi s; tho savage blacks of tl1c .Andamman Isl s; and c rtain wild tribes dwelling to tho north of Ava, and diftcring from the Jominant population in language, religion, aud physieal clmracters. These, in common with tho Bhcols and Govand tribes of Guzcrat, the Puharr cs of Central, tho Cohatars of ou them, and tho Jauts of Western India, aU seem to be tho romnantl::l of a once powerful and widely-Apr ad people. V cry few, if any, people aro more varied in their pllyF:ical characters than tho groat Indostanic Family. Conqucl:!t and amalgamation have diAO'uised and alter d its primitive types in a remarkable degree. Only hct·c and there, in them untainousrcgions, lowe catch a glimpse of the c types. A portion of the aborigines appear to have been of a dark ot· quito black complexion. "In general, t.ho fa co is oval, tho noso s!l'aight or 81ightly aquiline, tho mouth Rmall, th~ tooth vcrticttl and woll-l'ormcu, n.nd tho chin roundou ttnil gonomlly dimpled. 'l'ho eyes u.ro blMk, l11·igltt, and cxpJ·csHivc, tho oyolashos long, rtnil tho brow thin rmd m·chou. 1'ho hair is long, black, n.nd glossy, n.nd tho bourd vory thin. 'l'ho ho~td of tho Ilindoo is smtdl in proportion to tho body, olongrttod and nan·ow ospcci!tlly across tho forohcnd, which is only moderately elovatod." 16~ 'fho collection contai11s in all forty-three omnia of the Indostanic Race. Amo11g these skulls, at least two types can be distiuguishcd. lat. Tho fair-skinned Ayras, a conquering race, speaking a Snnscrit dialect, and occupying Ayra-Varta, wbich extends from the Vindya to the Ilimalaya Mountains, and from the Bay of Bengal to the Indian Ocean, and comprises tho Mahrattas, and other oncu powcJoful trib s, who have so boldly an<l obstinately 1·esistcd the English nrms. These tribes are of Persian origin. They migrat d to India, according to M. Guig11iaut, as early as 3101 n. o. 2d. Tho Bongalee, represented by thirty-fivo skulls. Dr. Morton consideJ·s these smallstatur< Xl, feoblc-rniudcd, and timid people as an aboriginal race upon whom a foreign language has been imposed. Of the eight Ayra skulls in tho coll ciion, six arc of tho Brahmin 161 C1·ttnia Americana, p. 82. 0 F 'l' 11 E R A C E S 0 F M E N • caste, and two arc Thno·gs. ] ig. 20- the sl·ull of Sumboo-Sing, han()'cd at Calcutta for murdcrVCl'; well repros n ts this peculiar type. In the Antltropologie of EMILE BJ.ANCUARD, tho reader will find an inter sting comparison drawn botwc n the Hincloo, Malay, and Micronesian forms of the cranium. I have already, in substance, expros cd tho opinion that the cra- Fig. 20. nium of the IJ!.tpp, in point of con- IIINnu (1380). 283 formation, must be regarded as . . constituting tho connecting link between tho types prcC!ommatmg in tl1c Boreal Zon , and those cnconntcrod among the Em·opean ot· Indo-Germanic races. I have a] o ventured tl1c OI inion that, through the Osmanlis and th Kha11an Tartars, tlJO Mongolie fo1·m, chaJ·actorizing the Asiatic realm, glided, by an easy tranl:!ition, into tJ10 European. But Asia graduates into Europe still more m:tur~lly, pcrhap.s, through the rae s con tituting the .widcly-spr ~d Fmmc or Tebn~lw family, which, at an epoch antedating the earhest :·c:orcls, occup1cd the country ext nding from Norway to the .YenmsCJ, north of the 55th dcgr e of latitude in Asia, and the 60th m Enrop~. I l1avo n?w to state that, through the Af~ghan skull, tl1c Indostamc ~lends w1tl1 the Semitic iorm. 'l'hns, then, it appears thai, in pmsuu~g out· ~ranial investigations, it is immaterial what route we take J~ passmg from the Asiatic in to tho so-called European or Caucas1an ar:ca. Whether we joumcy from IIinclustan through Aflghanist~n, seck1~1g the table-lands of Iran; or, setting out from the h art of MongoLia, traverse tho Turkish r gion, and so cntct· Asia Mi~1or; or, _penetrate from tho North-East i.nio Scandinavia, through tho JJ~tcr;cJ:wg Lapps and );"inns, we meet with the same result--a type w)uch 1s, m gon~ral, as, unlike tl1at of the great region just smvoycd, as are tho amn1al and vegetable forms of the o two countries. . . The homo of the so-called European, Cau(\astan, or Wlnto race, comprehends J£uropc, Afl'ica north of tho aha ran Des~rt, nnd SouthWestern Asia. This extensive region may, for convcnJcncc.of sindy, be diviucd into four provinces, of which tho iir~t, xtcn?1ng fl'{>m lj inn mark southward into tho heart of Europe, IS o c~tptcd hy tho Teutonic, Gothic, or Scythic family; tho s concl com~ns s ~ostorn ancl outhern Europe, and is inhauitcd by the Cclttc fa:mly; tho third, located in Eastoru Europe, contains tho great Shlavw group |