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Show 258 THE CRANIAL CllARACTERIS'l'ICS 1'.A..BLE II. AKERIOAN CRANIA, BAnn~onovs TnmEs. No. of Skull~ Mean measured. I. 0. North American&. Aricko.recs . .. .•.. .. .... .. . .•• 8 ..... . Assino.boins...... .....• ...... 8 ..... . Chcnouks...... ....•..•. .....• 4 ••••.• Oregon Tt·ibcs...... ... .. ..•• 6 ..... . Cherokees . . ... ......... .. .•.• 4 ...••. Chotimo.chcs .. ......... ...... 2 ..•••. Chippcwo.ye......... ... ...... 2 ..... . Cotonn.y........... •....• ....•• 3 ..•... Cr·ccks....... ......... ... .....• 4 •.•••. Dttcotrl................... .....• 1 ..... . IIuror.rs ..... .•• .... •.••. .. •. •• 4 ..••.. Iroquoi~. ....•. ...... ..• ...... 2 ..... . Lcnn.pc... ......... ...... ...... 4 •...•• Lipo.ns .................. ....•. 2 •..•.. Mn.ndn.na ............... ...... 7 ..... . Mcnominccs .. ......... ...... 7 ..... . Mio.mis ........................ 6 ..... . Minotnris...... ......... ...... 4 ..... . Moho.wks .......•.•.........•. 3 .... . Narmgo.nsots ......•......... 10 ..... . Osn.ge.................... ....•• 2 ..... . Otocs .. .•..• ...... •...•. .•..•• 3 .... .. Ottnwns.. .•••...• .....• ...... 4 ..... . Ottigo.mics ....... ..•... ...... 2 •••••• Pn.wnooa ..••.•.•••...... ....•• 2 .... .. l'cnobsoot... ...•..••• ••• ...... 1 ..... . J>otto.wo.tcmics .. ...... ...•.• 8 •....• So.uks........... ......... ....•• 2 •.•.•• iE:~~~:~:::::::::::::: :::::: 1! :::::: Upso.rooko.s ......... ... ...... 2 Winnebngos... ...... ... ....•• 2 Y o.rno.s ~ccs. ... .•.•. ••. ...... 1 Ctllifor·nio.ns... ......... ...... 1 Miscellaneous, } Mound, Co.vca, ........... 27 Unoortain, &o. 76 00 70 82 88.7 70.6 01 86 88.7 00 81.6 OG 79.6 !)1.{) 83.5 84 86 86.5 84 81 82.5 86.6 81.7 98.5 74.5 80 91 90.7 84 89.6 80.7 94 89 70 87 84.8 Central American..... ...... 1 ...... 91 South Americans. Amuoo.nio.ns.. ••. ... .•• ..••.• 7 .•••.. 76 Bro.zilio.ns .. ......... ... ...... 8 73.6 Cho.rib .•.••. .. . .•• ...... .. .•.• 1 •..... 89 TOLTEOAN RACE. No. of Skull& Afean measu1·ed. 1. C. Pm~vian Family. Arico. ........................... 14 ...... 70 Pt1cho.camac .................. 77 ...... 74.0 Pisco ........................... 44 •.. .. 74 Santo.................... ...... 5 ...... 78 Limo......... ............. 5 78 Miscellaneous.......... ...... 7 .••••. 75.6 Mexican Family. Tlo.huica .••..•••.••.•...••••• Azteck ........................ . Otumbo. ....................... . 'l'o.cuba ........•••...•.....•••• Otomie ..••.•••.........•.....•• Chcchemoco.n . .. .. .. ... . ..... 'l'lo.sco.lan .....•.............• Po.mes . ...................... . Misccllo.neous. ..••... .. . .... . Modern Mexicans.. .•. . ... .. 1 ...... 84 2 ...... 80.6 8 •.•..• 82.(i 8 ...... 81.() 5 ••••.• 7G.f\ 1 ...... 83 1 ...... 84 2 ...... 79.G 4 ······ 87 8 ...... 82.0 * * * If we take the collective ro.ccs of America, civilized and ao.vo.ge, we find tho.t the o.voro.ge size of tho bmin o.s measured in tho whole series of 841 skulls, is but 80.8 cubic inches. OF TilE RACES OF 1t!EN. 21)!) Upon those outstretched desert wat:~ tes which skirt the Icy S athe ft·ozen tundras of iberia, and the ban·en lands of Americaamidst the snowy islands and everlasting ieeuergs of the Polar Ocean itself, the human family presents us with a cranial form or type, to which the learned PIUOHARD has very happily appli d the te1·m pyramidal. Amongst all the llyperborcans, whose lifo is one continued struggle with a stern and rugged nature, th central and far northern Eskimos present us with the most strongly marked specimens of this type. I have be n induced, therefore, to select, as the standard or typical representative of Arctic Man, a wcll-charactedzed Esk:imo cranium, procured by that zealous and intr pid navigator, Dr. E. 'K. KANE, during his first voyage to theN orth, and uy him kindly placed, along with three other specimens, in the collection of our Academy. Through the kindness of Dr. I. I. HAYES and Dr. J. K. KANE, I have been enabled to mature my studies of the pyrnmidal form over seven Eskimo skulls in all, a detailed account of which I hope shortly to be able to present to tho ethnological public tltrough anoth er channel. 'l'he following brief resume of the characteristics of an Eskimo cranium will serve as a commentary upon the accompanying :figures, which represent the front and lateral views of the head above mentioned (No. 1558 of the Mortonian collection). 'l'he male Eskimo Fig. 11. Fig. 10. Lo.tero.l view of Cro.nium. Front view of so.me. Esn:nro. (From Dr. Kane'& Fir8t Arctic Voyaue.) skull is large, long, narrow, pyramidal ; greatest breadth ncar the base; sagittal suture prominent and keel-like, jn conseclucnce of the angubr junction of tho parietal and two halves of tho frontal bones; proportion between length of head and height of face as 7 to 5; proportion between cmnial and facial halves of tho occipito-mental diameter as 4} to 5; attachment for tho temporal muscle largo; zygomatic :fossre deep and capacious; mastoid processes thick aud |