OCR Text |
Show 216 TilE CRANIAL CTIARAOTERISTICS oa h of the many distinct groups composing the human family, but was also found to bo inad quate to demonstrate tho extent, relations, and true value of tho naturally divcrg nt £ rms of ach group. Prior to tho time of Br.uMnNBACU, however, AUIH~N·roN had already written tho fi I'St chn.ptcr ·in cranial ost ology, by his observations on the basis cranii, and tho variations in the posiLion of the foramen magnum occipitis.22 For the second chapter-tho study of tho craniurn in profile-we are indebted to 0AMPE1t, who identified his name with the facial angle.23 Sa.<:MMERLNG applied the occipito-fl'Outal arch, the horizontal periphery, and longitudinal and transverse diameters of tho cranium to demonstrate tho diiTerencos between the heads of Buropcnns and Negrocs.:u During the publicA.tion of the Decades, tho celebrated JNo. JiuNun, of London, began hiss •i ntifi.co-mcdical cat· r with an inaugural thesis upon the subjects under cousin ration. 25 Nineteen years after tho publication of the pentad, by which tho six dccA.des of l3LUM.ENJ3ACJI wore completed, MoR'l'ON's great and original work, the Omnia Americana, was given to the world.26 l!"'rom that Limo, human cranioscopy asserted its claims to scientific consid ration, and gave a decided impetus to anthropology. In 1844, from the same pen, apcarcd the Orania ./.Egyptiaca,Z'I which PRICllARD hail d as a most interesting and really important aclditi n to our knowledge of the physical character of tho ancient Egyptians.28 'rho only elaborate Bnglish contribution to cranioscopy, is the Crnnia Britannica of Messrs. Davis & Thurnam, the first decade of which has but recently boon issued from the British press. To the st rling merits of this work allusion has already been made. Of tho sci nti1ic labors of those eminent Scandinavian crauiologists and antiquarians, Profcs ors Retzius of tockholm, Nilsson of Lund, and Eschricht of Copenhagen, I ne d not here speak. To tho ethnographic student the writings of these savants have been long and favorably known. Tho French have done but little in this particu- 22 Soe Memoirs of tho Royal Academy of Sciences for 1764. Su1· la Dif!67'C11Ce du Gra11d Prou occipital dan8 l'llomme et da118 lcs autres A11imaux. :m Dissertation sur lea Vari6t6s No.turelles, &o., ouV!'age posthumo do M.P. Cnmpor. Pn.ris, 1702. 24 Uobor die Korporliohe Veraohiodenhoit des Nogors vom Europaer. Fro.nkfurt und Mninz, 1785, p. 60, ot seq. 26 DiAputatio Inaugurn.lis quoodam do Ifominum Varietatibua ot hn.rum oausia exponens, &o. Johannes Hunter, Edinburgi, 1776. 26 Crnnio. Americana; or n Comparative View of tho Skulls of various Aboriginn.l N11tions of Not·th and South America, &c. Dy Samuel Ooorge Morton, M.D. Philadt\., 1831). ~7 Cranin.lEgyptiacn; or, Observations on Egyptian Ethnogrnphy, &c. Dy Samuel George Morton, M.D. Philado.,, 1844. Published originn.lly in the Trn.nsn.otions of tho Am'er Pbilo~oph, Society, vol. IX. ' 28 Nat. Ilist. of Mt\n, 8d odit. p. 570. OF '£TIE RACES OF MEN. 217 lar department of sci nco. The names of Serres, Fovillc,20 oss ,'YJ Dumouticr, Bbnchard,3 l and others, however, arc b fore the public in this conn tion. As far as I have b on able to ascertain, cranio] oiYy has r coivcd more attention at th hands of the 0 rmans. Prof. J~n()'cl, of Prague, has given us a philosophi al diAserLation upon cra11ial forms, tltc mensuration of tho skull, &c.32 To Prof. Zcnnc, we arc inclcbtc I for a classification of skulls.a3 Dr. C. G. Carns, in an clcmcntat·y work on Cranios ·opy, indicates and dcvclopot~ to some ext nt the princilJlcs which sltould guide us in our examination of ttto dlil''t' nt cranial formations, in their r lation to psycltica.t conditions.3 ' 1 In a subs qucnt work, he comment upon and explains th 'SO principles more fully. 35 Passing ov r tho names of Rid<lcr,:JG Brnch,37 t)prondli,38 Kollik r,:JOVirchow,40Luct ,<~~ Fitzingcr12 a.nd other , I must con ·ludo this hasLy numeration by calling attention to Lho laborious .an~ mast .dy work of Prof Huschka, of Jcna,-tlJo rcHnH, as we arc lllf rmod m the prcfn ·o, of nine y nrs st11dy aud rcfloction.43 Witlt tlJO xccpLion of an admirabJ 1•apcr on tho Admeasurenwnts of_ Orania of tlte p1·incipal groups of Indians of tlte United State.9, contnbutccl by Mr. J. . I mr.rrs to tho So ond Part of hoolcraft's work on tho Aboriginal }{aces of Amcricu,d1 nothing ba been dono fol' craniol gy on this side of the Atlantic since tho demise of Dr. Moit'l'ON. Indeed, tho labors of Moit'l'ON embody not only all that \!0 D6fo1·mn.tion du Cd'Lne r6sult11nt de ln. m6t.hodo Itt plus g6ncntlc do couvrir lt~ Toto d-;s Enfn.ntH, 1834. Al~o, '!'mite complot do l'Au11tornic, de ln. Physiologic ct do ln. Pn.thologio du , yst mo Nervoux, .1844, oo l~tiHiti su1· los D6forrn1tlions 11difioiolles du Crli.no. Pn.ris, 1855. 31 Yoyn,g,o nu Polo Sud ot dn,ns I'Oc<ln,uio, &c., Anthropologio, Atlas pnr Dr. Dumoutior; toxto pn1· Emile 131nnchn,rcL J>11l'is, 1854. 32 l!ntcr~uchungcn liber Schiidelf'ormon, Von Dr. Josoph Engel, Prof., Pmg, 1851. 88 Ubo1· Schiidelbilclung zur fostcrn llegrlindung dor Monschonmssen, Von Dr. A, Zeuno. llorlin, 1 46, ~j Oruudzlige cincr neuon und wisscnscho.ftlich bogrlindoton crn.nioscopio (Schiidolchro) von D1·. C. 0, nrus. Stuttgart, 1841. 36 Alhts der Cmuioscopic odor Abbildungen der Schrodol- und Antlitzformen lloruchurter odcr sonst mcrkwuordigor Porsoneu von D1·, C. G. CI11'US. Leipzig, 1848. ll6 Do l'llnii Coufor111ntiono. Dorpnt, 1847. 87 Boilriigo zm· Eutwiokclung d.cs Knochcnsystoms. as Ueh 'I' den l'rimordin,lRohiidel, Zurich, 1846. 80 'l'h cnl'io doa PrimonliltlschiiJcl~. (Zoitschrift fur Wi~scnschnftlicbo Zoologic. 2 Del.) 40 Uchor don Cretinism us, munentlioh in Fr11nl< n unci tiber· pnthologischo Schiiclolformon. (Vel'll:llt<lL dor phy~ilc -medic. Ooscllschnft in Wlirzbnrg, 1862, 2 lld.) 41 De f':tcie hu1nan11, lleidolbcl'gro, 1812.-Do Syuunctrin ct Asymmetrin orgn.nornm nnimalit: tliH, itnp1·imis crnnii, Mnrbnrgi, 1839.- Schiidcl n,bnom1cr Form in Geometrischen Abbildungon, von D1·. J, C. G, T,ucro, Frr~nk, nm M1<in 1855, 42 Vher die Schi.idol dcr Avnren, &c. Von L. J.' l>'itzingor. Wion,, 1858. 43 Sch( tlol, llil'll und Soclo •lcs Monschon und der 'l'hicrc nn.ch nltor, Gcschlooht und Race tlnrp;estollt ll!tch nouon method en untl Untersuchungen von Emil Ifuschkc. Jona, 1854. H fnf'nrm:ttion regpectinp; tho lli~tory, Condit.ion, n,ncl T'•·ospects of the Indin,n Tribes of tho United Stlttos. Dy H. Jt. Schoolcmft. 1'11rt II. Philadelphia, 1852. J Jl |