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Show 1!)2 SO~E OF TilE UNARTISTICAL RACES. nations of America to build gigantic structures and to adorn them· with sculptures and paintings: 212 tho genius of art has never smiled upon them. But, such being the indubitable facts of history, have we therefore to consid r Tiungarians, Celts, Shemites and Scandinavians, as lower races than the ante-Columbian Aztecs of Mexico, and tho Aymaras and Quichoas of Peru? Arc we, because some nations got peculiar endowments not shared by other races, to transfer these facts into the moral, so •ial, and political sphere? Arc the scicntiJic facts about the original "unity" or "diversity" of human races, and their equal or unequal mental and artistic endowments, to bear upon their political, social, and legal treatment? Arc the Shomitcs to lJe despised because they cannot understand epics and theogonics? and the Celts oppressed because their imagination predominates over their reasoning faculties? and tho N cgroes enslaved because they never arrive at orthography or grammatical correctness? Will the llungarians, if they could be forced to forget their language and to speak German; and tho Poles, if they merge into the Russian family, become more useful to mankind than in their own languages? Will they, by changing their idiom, change their national p cnliarities? Can they develope themselves under oppression and on a foreign basis, better than in freedom and in their national individuality? 'ro all these questions there is but one reply: whatever be their origin and endowments. They are all men; that is to say, beings possessing reason and conscience, responsible for their actions to their Creator, to mankind and to thomsolvos, able to recoguise truth, and to discern between right and wrong, and therefore they arc equally entitled to "life, liberty and pursuit of happiness." 212[So true is this remark, tlu~t W .u.m:cK ( l,.ucalon, p. 84) relates how the JJferidaftos aro excellent imitators and clever workmen to lbis day; possessing, like their ancestors, au inUI~te power fot· sculpture and drawing. Again, in a more austral and less artistic part of Amcricn., tho 111ulallo- bt·ceds between Indirtns, negroes and l'ortugucse, hn.vc muol! to.lcnt for art {DEntttJT, Voyage pittoresque au Bresil, HI, p. 84 ). In spite oven of blamism, this perdurable race-instinct breaks fortil in Egypt among tho Thcban jellilhs; whoso Deuvcnuto Ccllinis, with the humblest instruments, manufncluro "modern antiques" with sufficient skill. to gratify that "love for Egyptian lll't" professed by tho most ft~stidiou8 Anglo-Sn.xon tourtst. ALI CAmtooNgE was, during my time at '£hobos, the Sh~ykh of nalivo urtists in tlu~t line. My friend M:r. A. C. Ilt\rris, and myself, supplied him with all lite small tool~ we could Rp!!.rc (bits of tin and glass, broken penknives, n11ils, old toothbrushes, &c.), in hopes tln·~ugh such ntc~tns, under Providence, to flood the mn.rkot with antiquarian curiosilics sa.ttsfactory to "les btLdauds ;" und thus obviate tho necessity for their chipping tho monuments. (Sec my Appeal to the A11tiquarie~, London, .ll·laddon, 1841, pp. 189-46).-0. B .. G.] IIINDOO AND CIIINESE CIVILIZATIONS AND ART. 1!)3 X.-IIINDOO AND ClliNESE CIVILIZATIONS AND .A.R'l'. TnE peninsula of tho Indus and Ganges is separated fl'om tho mainland of Asia, by sand-deserts and ranges of inaccessible mountains. :'he few long and narrow passes which lead throngh t1JCse mountains, were rarely used as means of commnnication with the West and North, for they arc the home of warlike robber-tribes accustomed to levy lJlauk-mail on tlto surrounding populations. The currents of the sea, and the 9irecLions of the winds, led Lhe entor!? ri~e of the Hin<'loos to the South-East, to tl10 Malay peninsula and Its Jsland-wodd. It was thither that India sent her cu lture and religion : untoucb cl by the lively development of tho classical wcRtcrn world, sbo remained unconnected with the cmreot o(' our hisLory. Scarce and faint we1'0 tho legends about that ctJ·eat countqr of tho East, which, in times of classical antiquity, renc-hed the Wes't by tho w~y of Persia and Arabia. 'l'ho mythical tradition of the triumphs o.J: Bacchus, and Hercules, was all that J·emindcd ropnblican Greece of the homo of spices and gems. Gnidod by this tmdition, Alexander the Maccdooian rcaclJCd the frontiers of the fable-land· but oven his adventurous spirit had to give up progt·css into the int~rior. The elephants, which l1o brollght from tltc upper l">cnjaub, decided the battles of his succ ssors for more than half a ccnLury afler his death; down to tho time when the last of them went up the Capitoline hill, in tho triumph of Clll·ius Dentatns. This animal must have lived full fifty years in Maccdonian harness after the war with Pyrrhns, being the last evidence of tho umivallecl eastern conquests of tho great Macedouian. The Roman J.. . egions wore never able to surmount the difficulties which barred access to Ilindost~\n; and a few. merchants and ambassadors were the only western people, who, durmg the times of classical antiquity, had seen the sacred rivers of the penin ula.213 The development of society, roligioll, govcnunent, and art, with tho IIindoos, their institution of castes, their single and efr!eient system of self-government, their elaborate code of Jaw, thcil' epic and dramatic poetry, and their stupendous works of architectul'C and sculpture, are, therefore, all of indigenous growth. They arc certainly not derived from, and many of th m arc probably much anterior to, the Macedonian invasion; which could not have left any lasting trace; lJoih from its short duration, and from the 213 One of those successful travellers, l3All1JI~SANF:s, gives us tho first deacription of a Ilindoo rock-temple adorned with tlto sculptures of an androgynous God. Sec PonPHYR!US apud S·roD1E:UM, Eclog. 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