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Show 51 it et 2 B LI T G Yot fiilt there i3 appther form of diminution among the Englifh, by leflenin the found itfelf, efpecially of vowels5 as there is a form of augmentin thcé B the letters and the things fignified; and therefore the founds of letters fmaller fharper louder clofer fofter ftronger clearer more obfcure an mor ftri by dulous, do-very often intimate the like effeéts in the things fignified by enlarging, or cven lengthening it; and that fometimes not fo muc Thus words that begin with f# intimate the force and effeét of the thin change of the letters, as of their pronunciation; as fup, fip, foop, [op, fippet fignified, as if probably derived from ggéwups, or flrenuus; as flrong, frength where, befides the extenuation of the vowel, there is added the French termination et top, tip3 [pity fpouts babe, baby, booby, Bimai; great pronounced frow, frike, [Preake, [firoke, firipe, firive, firife, fruggle, [ftrout, frat, [frretch long, efpecially if with a ftronger found, grea-¢; little pronounced long, lee-tle; firait, frict, [breight, that is, narrow, diftrain, fbrefs, difirefs, fring, Srap, freain f tingy tang, tong, imports a fucceflion of fmaller and then greater founds 5 an in jingle, jangley tingley tangle, and many other made words Muc howeve of this is arbitrary and fanciful, dependin wvbolly on oralut terance, and therefore [carcely avorthy the notice of Wallis Of concrete adjeQives are made abftra& fubftantives, by adding the termination #efs, and a few in hood or head, notin charatte or qualities; as white, awbirene/s; hard hardnefs great, greatnefs5 {kilful, [Rilfulnefs, unfbilfulnefs; godhead, manbood, maidenhead, <widowhood, knighthood, pricfthood, likelibood Jalfehood There are other abftra&ts, partly derived from adje&tives, an pa:rtly from verbs, which are formed by the addition of the termination #6, a fmall change being fometimes made; as long {engtb; ftrong, ffrength3 broad, éreadth ; wide, awidth; deep depth; true, truth j.warm, warmth ; dear, dearth ; {low, flowth merry, mirth5 heal, bealth ; well, weal, aealth 5 dry, droughth young, youth 5 and {fo moon, month . Like thefe are fome words derived from verbs ; die, death till, #/th5 grow, growth; mow, later mowth, after mow'th commonly {poken and written later math, after math; fteal Slealth5 bear, birth; rue, ruth; and probably earth from t ear or plow 5 fly, flight ; weigh, weight ; fray, fright ; to draw draught Thefe fhould rather be written flighth, frighth, only that cufto fuffer b to be twice repeated will no The fame form retain faith, fpight, wwreathe, awrath, brothy froth, breath footh, aworth, Tight, wight, and the like, whofe primitives are either entirel obfolete or feldo occur Perhap they ar derived from fey or foy, [pry 07y, Wreaky brew, mow, firy, bray, [ay, avork _Some ending in /bip imply an office employment or con dition ; as king/bip, wardfbip, guardianfbip, partner/bip, flewardphip beadfbip, lordfbip "Thus wworfbip, that is, wortb/bip5 whence wwor/bipful, and to worfhip Som few ending in dom dominion a leaf ftat earldom, princedom, popedom dom, bifboprick, bailywick o rick, wick condition do efpecially denot a ‘ingdom dukedom chriftendom, freedom, wwifdom, awhore Ment and age are plainly French terminations, and are o the fame import with us as among them, {carcely ever occurring, except in words derived from the French, as commandment ufage There are in Englith often long trains of word allied b their meanin and derivation; as fo beat, a bat, batoon, a battle, a beetle, a battle-door, t batter, batter, a kind of glutinous compofition for food, made by beatin different bodies into one mafs All thefe are of fimilar fignification, an perhaps derived from the Latin datwo Thus take, touch, tickle, tack, tackle all imply a local conjunétion, from the Latin rango, tetigiy talum From tawo are formed twain, tawice, twenty, twelve, twins, twine, twifl, twirl 2wig, 1avitch, twinge, between, betwixt, twilight, twibil The following remarks, extracted from. Wallis, are ingenious, but of mor fubtlety than folidity, and fuch as perhaps might in every language be enfarged without end Sz ufually imply the nofe, and what relates to it. From the Latin zafu are derived the French zes and the Englith nofe; and 7effz, a promontory, a proje&ting like a nofe But as if from the confonant #s taken from nafus and tranfpofed, that they may the better correfpond, [ denote mafus; an thence are derived many words that relate to the nofe, as fuout, [neeze, fnore Jnort, fneef:, Suicker, [not, [newil, Jnitey [nuffy fnuffle, Jnaffle, Jnarte, fnudge There is another [, which may perhaps be derived from the Latin fnuo, a frake, _fneek, Jnaily [nare; fo likewife fnap dnd fnatch, [nib, [nu Bl imply. a blaft5 as blow, blaft, to blaf, to blight, and, metaphorically blaft one' reputation bleat, bleak, a blea place # to look bleak or weather beaten, bleak, blay, bleach, blufler, blurt, bliftery blab, bladder, bleb, blifter, blab ber-lip'ty blubber-check't, blsted, blote-herrings, blaft, blaze, to blow, that is, bly/ fomy bloom5 and perhaps blood and blufp Zn the native words of our tonguc'is to be found a grea agreemen betsvee Jrreamery frrand, firipy firay, firuggle, firange, firide, firaddle St in.like manner imply ftrength, but in a lefs degree, fo muc only as i fufficient to preferve what has been already communicated, rather than acquir any new degree ; as if it were derived from the Latin ffo : for example, ffand, flay that is, t o remain to prop; flaff, fay tha is, to oppole; fiop, to fuff fifley to flay, that isy to ftop5 a flay, that is, an obftacle; flick, flut, flutter fammer, [flagger, ftickle, ficky flake, a fharp pale, and any thing depofite at play; flocky flem, fing, to fling, finks [fitch, flud, Janchion, flub, fubble, t Jub up, ftump, whence flumble, flalk, to ftalk, fepy to framp with the feet, whenc to flamp, that is, to mak an impreflion and a framp fow, t0 flow, to beflow freward or floward, ftead, fready, fleadfaft, flable, a ffable, a Jally to frall, fRool fadl, fiilly ftall, fallage, fiall, flage, fiill adj. and fill adv. flale, flout, Furdy Jeed, floaty flallion, fliff, flark-dead, to farve with hunger or cold; fone, frecl frern, ftanch, to ftanch blood, to flare, fieep, Seeple, flair, flandard, a ftated mea In all thefe, and perhaps fome others, f# denote fomething fir fure, flately and fixed by imply 2 more violent degree of motion, as throww, thruft, throng, throb through, threat, threaten, thrally throws Wr imply fome fort of obliquity or diftortion, as awry, to wreathe, wreft qureftle, avring, wrong, wrinch, wrenck, wrangle, wrinkle, wrath, wreak, wrack aretch, wrifty wrap Sav imply a filent agitation, or a fofter kind of lateral motion; as fray Javag, to fawvay, [wagger, fwerve, [weat, [weep, [will, [win, [wing, Jwift, [weet Jaitch, fwinge Nor is there much difference of fm in fimoothe, fmug, [mile, [mirk, [mite, whic fignifies the fame as to firike, but is a fofter word; fmall, fmell, [mack, [mother Smart, a fmart blow properly fignifies fuch a kind of ftroke as with an originall filent motion, implied in fm, proceeds to a quick violence, denoted by ar fuddenly ended, as is thewn by C/ denote a kind of adhefion or tenacity, as in clawe, clay, cling, climb clambery clammys clafp, to clafp, to clip, to clinch, clak, clog, clofe, to clof;, a clod a clot, as a clot of blood, clouted cream, a clutter, a cluffer Sp imply a kind of diffipation or expanfion, efpecially a quick one, particu larly if there be an r, as if it were from fpargo, or fepara : for example, Jpread Jpring, fprig, [prout, [prinkle, [plit, [plinter, [pilly [pit, fputters Jpatter S/ denote a kind of filent fall, or a lefs obfervable motion; as in flime, flide ly, fleight, [lit, flozw,y flacky flighty fling, [lap flipper i /IPA-r{ldjfi) lil{i}\lvi'f{az fflj, i{xl fi:g/}?, m{l/b, ga.fibg,- Safp, clafb, lafh, Jlafby plafps trafb indicate fomething acting more nimbly and fharply brufb in bot gradual fling gufby fufb and dully ftantaneous Thus i blufb Ye bu fling interrupted Bu But u/, in crufb, rufb bufb, pufb, implies fomething as acting more obtufel there is indicated a fwift and fudden motion; not inby the continued found /5 ding, [wing, cling, fing, wwring, fing, the tingling o the termination 7g, and the fharpnefs of the vowel #, imply the continuation o a very flender motion or tremor, at length indeed vanifhing, but not fuddenl in tink, wink, fink clink chink end in a mut think, tha confonant, there is alfo indicated a fudden ending If there be an /, as in jingle, tingle, tinkle, mingle, [prinkle; tavinkle, ‘there i implied a frequency, or iteration of fmall aéts. And the fame frequency of aéts but lefs fubtile by reafon of the clearer vowel &, is indicated in jangle, .t‘arzg/e [pangle, mangle, wrangle, brangle, dangle; as alfo in. muml{/e, grumble, ]zam'b/e But at the fame time the clofe # imtumbley flumble, rumbley crumbles fumble plies fomething obfcure or obtunded ; and a congeries of confonants mbl, denote a confufed kind of rolling or tumbling, as in ramble, Jeambley fcramble, wamble amble5 but in thefe there is fomething acute Tn nimble, the acutenefs of the vowel denotes celerity. In fparkle, [p denote diffipation, ar an acute crackling, a fudden interruption, la frequent iteration and in like manner in fprinkle, unlefs in may imply the fubtility of the diffipated guttules. Thick and thin differ, in that the former ends with an obtuf confonant, and the latter with an acute In like manner, in (Fueck, fqueaks [gucal, [qually bravl, quranl, yaul, [paul, fereeky Sprieky [brill, fbarp, [Prively qurinkle, cnu‘k., crafp, clafb, gr_m.jb, p/a/];,icm/ 5 /'}./ b hiffe, fiffes whifts foft, jarr, burl curly avbirly buz, buftle, _/melle, dewindley taviney r20ift, and in many moré, we may obferve the agreement of fuch fort of foundsg langu an fcarc tha s happe ntl frequ f thi an e fignif thing th wit which I know can be compared with ours. So that one monofyllable word, o which kind are almoft all ours, emphatically exprefles what in other language can fcarce be explained but by compounds or decompounds or fometime tedious circumlocution W hav man word borrowe fro greateft part of them were communicate the Latin but th by the intervention of the French ; as grace, face, elegant, elegance, refemble Some verbs, which{ee borrowed from the Latin are form ed from the prefent tenfe, and fome from the fupines From the prefent are formed /pend, expend, expendo ; conduce conduco ; defpife, delpicio; epprove, approbo;. couceive, concipig cho From |